Born in Paris, he was the son of Charles Drelincourt, calvinistic reverend in Paris and of Marguerite Boldue, the only daughter of a wealthy Parisian beer brewer. He was raised a Protestant. After studies in Paris with Jean Riolan, then in Saumur and Montpellier where he received his doctorate in 1654, he practised in Paris where he met Charles Patin and became, in 1655, the particular physician of Turenne. From 1656 to 1658, he was appointed French army's medical service Inspector in Flanders then he became in 1659 the First physician of the KingLouis XIV. He married Susanna Jacobs and the couple moved to Leiden in 1668. There he held the Leiden University Medicine Chair where he was the Van Der Linden successor and the Boerhaave predecessor. He was several times the Rector of this University. His knowledge of ancient languages was important and he was a prominentHippocratic and classic literatur scholar thereby gaining much recognition amongst the greatest figures of his age especially Pierre Bayle. In his lectures, Boerhaave praised him and used to call him "nitidus incisor". He died in Leiden in 1697 aged.
Works
Clarissimum Monspeliensis Apollinis Stadium currente C. Drelincurtio, Caroli filio, Parisio, & Liberalium Artrium Magistro, Doctoratum ambienteanno salutis M. DC. LIV, Quaestio Therapeutica pro prima Apollinari laurea consequenda, proposita ab illustrissimo viro D. D. Lazaro Riverio Regis Consilaiario & Medicorum Academia Professore dignissimo, sub hac verborum serie: Anomibus putridis Febribus section. & Purgatio Montpellier 1654, Leiden 1680
Questiones quatuor Cardinales, pro suprema Apollinari daphne consequenda, proposita ab illustrissimis viris D. D. Richero de Balleval... & D. D. Simeone Curtaudo … Quarum veritatem, seriis exactis, triduum integrum mane & vesperi tueri conabitur Carolus Drelincurtius,... Medicinae Licentiatus, in inclyto Monspeliensis Apollinis sano Montpellier
Oratio Doctoralis Monspessula, qua Medicos, jugi Dei Operum considertatione atque contemplatione permotos, caeteris hominibus Religioni adstrictiores esse demonstrator: atque added impietatis crimen in ipsos jactatum diluitur
Quaestio Physiologica, an Partus octimestris vitalis? Paris 1664
La Légende du Gascon, ou Lettre à M. Porée sur la méthode prétendue nouvelle de tailler la Pierre, & deux autres Lettres sur le même sujet Leiden 1665, 1674, 1680
Quaestio Medica de partu octimestri vivaci Leiden 1668
De partu octimestri vivaci diatriba Paris 1662, Leiden 1666, 1668
Oratio, quam super Civitatis & Academiae calamitatibus generatim & paucis, tum super clarissimi viri Johannis van Horne natalibus, vitae institutio, & e vivis excessu, singulatim & plenius, brevibus tamen, anno habuit ineunte 1670 Leiden 1670, 1680
Anatomicum Preludium Leiden 1670, 1672
Regii olim in Galliis Medici, nuc vero in Universitate Lugdunensis Professoris Practici & Anatomici, Apologia Medicos sexcentis annis Roma exulasse Leiden 1671
Apologia medica, Qua depellitur illa calumnia Medicos sexcentis annis Roma exulasse. Leiden 1671 1672
Libitina trophea, cum appendice ad glandulosos Doctores. Leiden 1680
De foeminarum ovis, Tam intra testiculos & uterum quam extra, ab Anno 1666 ad retro secula Leiden 1684
Super humani foetus umbilico Meditationes Elenctice Leiden 1685
De Humani Foetus Membranis Hypomnemata Leiden 1685
De foetuum pileolo, sive galea emmendationes. Leiden 1685
De Conceptione adversaria Leiden 1685
De tunica foetus allantoide Meletemata Leiden 1685
De conceptu conceptus quibus mirabilia Dei super foetus humani formatione, nutritione atque partione, sacro velo hactenus tecta, systemate felici reteguntur Leiden 1685
De foeminarum ovis historiae, atque physicae lucubrationes 1687
Experimenta Anatomica ex vivorum sectionibus petita per Ernestum Gottfried Heyse Leiden 1681, 1682, 1684
Homericus Achilles Caroli Drelincurtii Penicillo Delineatus, Per Convicia Et Laudes Leiden 1693, 1694, 1696
Opuscula medica, quae reperiri potuere omniaThe Hague 1717
