De Virot was appointed as a second lieutenant in the régiment de Montmorin on 16 July 1735. Commissioning and promotion by purchase was common practice in the pre-revolutionary Royal Army. He reached the rank of captain on 20 May 1745 and that of lieutenant colonel of the régiment Royal-Corse in 1758. After distinguishing himself in the field and holding various garrison commands in peace-time France, de Virot was appointed governor of the Invalides in Paris on 16 December 1786. While his command consisted only of veteran pensioners no longer considered suitable for active military service, de Virot was also responsible for the safeguarding of large stocks of weapons stored in the building complex.
French Revolution
On 14 July 1789, widespread disturbances in Paris led to the seizure of the Hotel de Invalides and the Storming of the Bastille. Demands had been made to Sombreuil by the newly organised electors militia for the handing over of the thirty thousand muskets stored in the cellars of the Invalides. The governor delayed by responding that he would need approval from Versailles; while ordering his unenthusiastic pensioners to begin to disable the weapons held. Unlike Bernard-René Jourdan de Launay, the governor of the Bastille, Sombreuil subsequently accepted the revolutionaries' demands to surrender his garrison without attempting armed resistance. He thereby avoided the fate of de Launay, who was seized and killed by the mob. Sombreuil was promoted to lieutenant-general, in what was still nominally the Royal Army, on May 20 1791. He participated in the defence of the Tuileries Palace on August 10 1792, when the monarchy was finally overthrown. Imprisoned in the Abbey Prison six days later, he survived the September massacres, before being moved to two other prisons between December 1793 and May 1794. His daughter Mademoiselle Marie-Maurille de Sombreuil had demanded to be imprisoned with him. Sombreuil was finally sentenced to death on 29 Prairial Year II by the Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris under Fouquier-Tinville. The charges against him included that of being an accomplice in a planned prison uprising and of conspiring to assassinate Collot d'Herbois, a representative of the people.
Execution
Together with his son Stanislas, Sombreuil was guillotined at the Place du Trône Renversé on 17 June 1794. Because of the d'Herbois charge, the general was obliged to wear a red blouse marking him as an accused would-be parricide. The bodies of the two Sombreuils were amongst fifty-three victims of the guillotine buried in a mass grave in what is now the Picpus Cemetery.
