Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau was a noted French Orientalist and archaeologist .Biography Clermont-Ganneau was born in Paris , son of a sculptor of some repute. After an education at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales , he entered the diplomatic service as dragoman to the consulate at Jerusalem , and afterwards at Constantinople . He laid the foundation of his reputation by his involvement with stele of Mesha, which bears the oldest Semitic inscription known. In 1871, Clermont-Ganneau identified the biblical city of Gezer with that of Abu Shusha , formerly known as Tell el Jezer . In the same year he discovered the Temple Warning inscription in Jerusalem. In 1874 he was employed by the British government to take charge of an archaeological expedition to Palestine . Among his discoveries there was the rock-cut tomb of the Biblical Shebna . He explored/discovered many tombs in Wady Yasul, a valley immediately south of Jerusalem, which he claimed served as an auxiliary cemetery for Jerusalem at some ancient period . Based on geographic and linguistic evidence he theorized that this valley was Azal mentioned in Zechariah 14:5 in the Bible . He was the first to make archeological soundings at Emmaus-Nicopolis . He was subsequently entrusted by his own government with similar missions to Syria and the Red Sea . He was made chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1875. After serving as vice-consul at Jaffa from 1880 to 1882, he returned to Paris as secrétaire interpréte for oriental languages , and in 1886 was appointed consul of the first class . He subsequently accepted the post of diiector of the École des Langues Orientales and professor at the Collège de France . In 1889 he was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres , of which he had been a correspondent since 1880. In 1896 he was promoted to be consul-general , and was minister plenipotentiary in 1906.In 1873, after the Jerusalem antiquities dealer Moses Wilhelm Shapira offered a set of Moabite artifacts for sale , Clermont-Ganneau attacked the collection as a forgery. In 1883, Shapira offered the so-called Shapira Strips , fragments of ancient parchment allegedly found near the Dead Sea , for sale to the British Museum , which exhibited two of the strips. Clermont-Ganneau attended the exhibition, and was the first person in England to attack their authenticity. In 1903 he took a prominent part in the investigation of the so-called Tiara of Saitaferne . This tiara had been purchased by the Louvre for 200,000 francs, and exhibited as a genuine antique. Much discussion arose as to the perpetrators of the fraud, some believing that it came from southern Russia . It was agreed, however, that the whole object, except perhaps the band round the tiara, was of modern manufacture.Works Clermont-Ganneau's chief publications, besides a number of contributions to journals, were: L'Imagerie phénicienne et la mythologie iconologique chez les Grecs Etudes d'archéologie orientale Les Fraudes archéologiques Recueil d'archéologie orientale Palestine inconnue Album d'antiquités orientales : , , translated from the French by J. McFarlane, Palestine Exploration Fund , London. Volume 1 : , , translated from the French by J. McFarlane, Palestine Exploration Fund, London. Volume 2
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