Charlotte Osgood Mason, born Charlotte Louise Van der Veer Quick, was an American socialite and philanthropist. She contributed more than $100,000 to a number of African-American artists and writers of the Harlem Renaissance, equal to more than $1 million in 2003. This was especially critical during the Great Depression, when foundation support declined. She helped young artists become established.
Biography
She was born Charlotte Louise Van der Veer Quick in Franklin Park, New Jersey on May 18, 1854 to Peter Quick and Phoebe Van der Veer. She was brought up by her maternal grandfather, Schenck Van der Veer, whose last name she used in preference to Quick. She was educated privately, as was typical for wealthy girls. Van der Veer married Rufus Osgood Mason on April 27, 1886. She came from a rich family and her wealth increased when she inherited the estate of her husband after his death. She used her wealth to become a literary and cultural patron, supporting such artists and writers as Alain Locke, Aaron Douglas, Langston Hughes, Arthur Fauset, and Miguel Covarrubias of the Harlem Renaissance. Zora Neale Hurston was another emerging writer she supported, at the recommendation of Locke, after Hurston published some short stories. Hurston was also studying anthropology and, from 1928-1932, Mason supported the writer during her research into African-American folklore and culture in the Deep South, Haiti and Jamaica. She also supported her during Hurston's writing of a book on Cudjo Lewis, known then as the last survivor of the 1860 illegal Clotilda. For various reasons this was not published in 1931, when Hurston submitted it to a publisher. It was published posthumously in 2018 as . After learning about Cudjoe Lewis from Hurston's 1928 article about him, Mason also helped support the elderly man, who lived in Africatown, a neighborhood of Mobile, Alabama. Mason has been criticized for trying to control the work of the writers she supported; she wanted to be called "Godmother", but she also developed strong relationships with some of the people she helped. She contributed a total of "more than $100,000 to African-American writers and artists during the Harlem Renaissance, the equivalent of more than $1,000,000 in 2003.". She is cited in "Zora and Langston: A Story of Friendship and Betrayal" by Yuval Taylor. Black feminist scholar bell hooks writes critically of the relationship between Mason and Hurston: "It is difficult to believe that Hurston was blind to the cultural imperialism, the white supremacy of her sponsor, Mrs. Mason. This "world's most gallant woman" had compelled Hurston to sign a legal agreement which specified that all material she gathered would be the legal property of her patron and that Hurston could use such material only when granted permission".
