He was born in Chunar, an ancient town in UP's Mirzapur district in the United Provinces. At the time, his father, Chaudhry Muhammad Zaman, was a naib tehsildar there. His younger brother, Salimuzzaman Siddiqui was an eminent scientist and researcher in both British India and later in Pakistan. Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman himself was not only a prominent Muslim League leader, but also one of the founding fathers of Pakistan. At the time of independence of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, he was still serving as the Muslim League member of the Constituent Assembly of India and stayed behind to address that Indian Assembly. He was one of the four individuals who addressed the Constituent Assembly of India in the central hall of Parliament during the moment of Indian independence at midnight of August 14, 1947. The other three were Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Dr. Radhakrishnan. He migrated to newly-created Pakistan in November 1947, when Jinnah expressed his displeasure over his policy. He did not agree with the government of Pakistan that the Indian government was behind Muslims' killings. He was appointed the chief organizer of Muslim League. Later he served as the first president of the Muslim League.
In 1961, he published his memoirs entitled Pathway to Pakistan. The Urdu version of the autobiography came out in 1967. It is entitled Shahrahay Pakistan. This book is considered by many as a rare 'treasure house' of information on the Pakistan Movement. In this book, he wrote: "The two-nation theory, which we had used in the fight for Pakistan had created not only bad blood against the Muslims of the minority provinces, but also an ideological wedge between them and the Hindus of India." He further wrote: “Mr Jinnah himself realized the grave dangers to Muslims who after the partition were to be left in India. I remember that on 1 August 1947, a few days before his final departure for Karachi, Mr Jinnah called the Muslim members of the Constituent Assembly of India to his house at 10 Aurangzeb Road to bid farewell to them. "Mr. Rizwanullah put some awkward questions concerning the position of Muslims, who would be left over in India, their status and their future. I had never before found Mr. Jinnah so disconcerted as on that occasion, probably because he was realizing then quite vividly what was immediately in store for the Muslims. Finding the situation awkward, I asked my friends and colleagues to the end the discussion. I believe as a result of our farewell meeting, Mr. Jinnah took the earliest opportunity to bid goodbye to his two-nation theory in his speech on 11 August 1947 as the governor general-designate and President of the constituent assembly of Pakistan." "He doubted the utility of the two-nation theory, which to my mind also had never paid any dividends to us. But after the partition, it proved positively injurious to the Muslims of India, and on a long-view basis for Muslims everywhere." According to him, Jinnah bade farewell to it in his famous speech of August 11, 1947. He was one of the most active leaders of Pakistan movement. He seconded the Lahore Resolution, which was presented by Sher-i-Bengal Fazlul Haq in March 1940 to create Pakistan.
