Chiefdom of Mangshi
The Chiefdom of Mangshi, officially Mangshi Yuyi Zhangguansi and Mangshi Anfusi was a Dai autonomous Tusi chiefdom in the west of Yunnan, China from 1443 to 1955. In 1443, Ming dynasty established Mangshi Yuyi Zhangguansi because Mangshi chief made a contribution in Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns, and then upgraded to Mangshi Anfusi in 1640. Chiefdom of Mangshi has an absolute dictatorship in politics, military, economy at the territory, and use the rule of primogeniture.
In Republic of China period, the central government used many of method try to abolish chiefdom of Mangshi, for example, established a direct control government "Luxi Administrate Bureau". But chiefdom of Mangshi associate with other chiefdoms to counteractant the abolishment. At its worst, chiefdoms had a consideration for independence from China. Finally, the central government compromised with chiefdoms.
After People's Republic of China controlled this area, the central government initiated the Chinese Land Reform Movement. Chiefdom of Mangshi lost his power and land, finally abolished in 1955.
