Chionanthus
Chionanthus, common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae.
The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into temperate regions, one in eastern Asia and two in eastern North America. Most of the tropical species are evergreen, while the three temperate species are deciduous. Some botanists restrict Chionanthus to the deciduous, temperate species, treating the evergreen species in a separate genus Linociera, but apart from leaf persistence, there is no other consistent difference between them.
They are shrubs and small to medium-sized trees growing to 3–25 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple. The flowers are produced in feathery panicles, with a corolla subdivided into four slender lobes; they are white, pale yellow, or tinged pink. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed.
Species
The following species are accepted by- Chionanthus acunae Borhidi - Cuba
- Chionanthus adamsii Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus africanus Stearn - tropical Africa
- Chionanthus albidiflorus – Sri Lanka
- Chionanthus amblirrhinus P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus avilensis P.S.Green - Venezuela
- Chionanthus axillaris – Australia
- Chionanthus axilliflorus – Caribbean
- Chionanthus ayresii A.J.Scott - Mauritius
- Chionanthus bakeri Stearn - Cuba
- Chionanthus balgooyana – Sarawak
- Chionanthus battiscombei Stearn - eastern + southern Africa
- Chionanthus beccarii Kiew - Sumatra
- Chionanthus boutonii A.J.Scott - Mauritius
- Chionanthus brachystachys P.S.Green - New Caledonia
- Chionanthus brachythyrsus – Southern China, Vietnam
- Chionanthus brassii Kiew - Papua New Guinea
- Chionanthus broomeanus A.J.Scott – Réunion + Mauritius
- Chionanthus bumelioides Stearn - Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola
- Chionanthus calcicola Kiew - Malaysia + Thailand
- Chionanthus callophylloides – Sarawak + Sabah
- Chionanthus callophyllus – Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
- Chionanthus camptoneurus Stearn - Cameroon + Gabon
- Chionanthus caudifolius Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus caymanensis Stearn - Cayman Islands
- Chionanthus celebicus Koord - Sulawesi
- Chionanthus clementis Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus colonchensis Cornejo & Bonifaz - Ecuador
- Chionanthus compactus – Caribbean
- Chionanthus cordifolius Labat, Marc Pignal & O.Pascal - Comoros
- Chionanthus cordulatus – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
- Chionanthus coriaceus Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu - Taiwan + Philippines
- Chionanthus crassifolius P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus crispus – Sabah
- Chionanthus curvicarpus – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
- Chionanthus cuspidatus Blume - Borneo
- Chionanthus decipiens P.S.Green - Myanmar + Thailand
- Chionanthus densiflorus Zoll. & Moritzi - Java
- Chionanthus dictyophyllus Stearn - Hispaniola
- Chionanthus diversifolius Miq - Sumatra
- Chionanthus domingensis – Caribbean
- Chionanthus dussii Stearn - Dominica + Martinique
- Chionanthus ellipticus Blume - Java + Sumatra
- Chionanthus enerve Kiew - Borneo
- Chionanthus eriorachis P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus evenius – Malesia
- Chionanthus ferrugineus P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus filiformis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus fluminensis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus foveolatus – Southern Africa
- Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord - Sulawesi
- Chionanthus gigas Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus globosus – Borneo
- Chionanthus glomeratus Blume - Sumatra
- Chionanthus grandifolius Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus greenii Lombardi - Brazil
- Chionanthus guangxiensis – Southeastern China.
- Chionanthus guianensis Pers - Venezuela + French Guiana
- Chionanthus hahlii Kiew - Bismarck, Solomons, Samoa
- Chionanthus hainanensis – Southern China
- Chionanthus havilandii – Borneo
- Chionanthus henryae H.L.Li - USA
- Chionanthus henryanus – Southwestern China, Burma
- Chionanthus holdridgei – Caribbean
- Chionanthus implicatus P.S.Green - South America
- Chionanthus intermedius – India
- Chionanthus insularis Labat - Comoros
- Chionanthus jamaicensis Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus kinabaluensis – Borneo
- Chionanthus kajewskii Kiew - Solomon Islands
- Chionanthus lancifolius Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus leopoldii – Borneo
- Chionanthus ligustrinus – Caribbean
- Chionanthus littoreus Miq - Sumatra
- Chionanthus longiflorus – Southwestern China
- Chionanthus longipetalus Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus lucens – Sabah
- Chionanthus luzonicus Blume - Philippines
- Chionanthus macrobotrys Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus macrocarpus – Indonesia, Malaysia
- Chionanthus macrothyrsus Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam
- Chionanthus mala-elengi P.S.Green - India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Andaman Islands
- Chionanthus mannii Stearn - western + central Africa
- Chionanthus maxwellii P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus micranthus Lozano & Fuertes - Brazil
- Chionanthus microbotrys P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus microstigma P.S.Green - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus mildbraedii Stearn - central Africa
- Chionanthus minutiflorus Kurz - Burma
- Chionanthus montanus Blume - Java, Sulawesi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- Chionanthus niloticus Stearn - tropical Africa
- Chionanthus nitens Koord. & Valeton - Java, Sulawesi
- Chionanthus nitidus Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus oblanceolatus P.S.Green - Mexico + Central America
- Chionanthus oblongifolius Koord. & Valeton - Java
- Chionanthus obtusifolius Stearn - Madagascar
- Chionanthus oliganthus Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus pachyphyllus – Borneo
- Chionanthus palustris – Borneo
- Chionanthus panamensis Stearn - Mexico, Central America
- Chionanthus parkinsonii Bennet & Raizada - Thailand, Vietnam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- Chionanthus pedunculatus P.S.Green - New Caledonia
- Chionanthus peglerae Stearn - South Africa
- Chionanthus picrophloia – Australia
- Chionanthus plurifloroides – Borneo
- Chionanthus pluriflorus – Borneo
- Chionanthus polycephalus – Borneo
- Chionanthus polygamus – Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea
- Chionanthus porcatus – Borneo
- Chionanthus proctorii Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus pubescens – Ecuador, Peru
- Chionanthus pubicalyx – Borneo
- Chionanthus purpureus Lam. - Sri Lanka
- Chionanthus pygmaeus – Southeastern United States
- Chionanthus quadristamineus – Australia
- Chionanthus ramiflorus – Australia, southern China, India, Nepal, Vietnam
- Chionanthus remotinervius Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus retusus – China, Japan, Korea
- Chionanthus richardsiae Stearn - Zambia
- Chionanthus riparius Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus rostratus Miq. - Java
- Chionanthus rugosus – Borneo
- Chionanthus rupicola Kiew - Indonesia, New Guinea
- Chionanthus sabahensis – Sabah
- Chionanthus salicifolius Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus sessiliflorus Kiew - New Guinea + Solomon Islands
- Chionanthus sleumeri – Australia
- Chionanthus spicatus – Borneo
- Chionanthus spiciferus Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus stenurus Kiew - Sulawesi
- Chionanthus subsessilis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus sumatranus Blume - Sumatra + Andaman Islands
- Chionanthus sutepensis P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus tenuis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus thorelii P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus timorensis Blume - Timor
- Chionanthus trichotomus P.S.Green - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
- Chionanthus tropophyllus Stearn - Madagascar
- Chionanthus urbanii Stearn - Hispaniola
- Chionanthus velutinus P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus verruculatus D.Fang - China
- Chionanthus verticillatus Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam
- Chionanthus virginicus – Eastern United States
- Chionanthus vitiensis A.C.Sm. - Niue, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga
- Chionanthus wurdackii B.Ståhl - Peru
- Chionanthus zeylanicus L. - Sri Lanka, southern India
- Chionanthus zollingerianus Koord. & Valeton - Java
Cited works