Chironex yamaguchii


Chironex yamaguchii, commonly known as habu-kurage in Japanese and mistranslated as "hub jellyfish" due to machine translation from Japanese, is a species of box jellyfish found in coastal waters around Japan, on Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands, and in the Philippines. It is highly venomous.

Taxonomy

In the past, this species was considered conspecific with Chiropsalmus quadrigatus found in Malaysia. That name however, is now considered as a nomen dubium and it is no longer recognized as a separate species. It has now been established that Chironex yamaguchii is a different species and is more closely related to Chironex fleckeri, however, the name Chiropsalmus quadrigatus is widely used in the literature.

Description

The medusa is box-shaped and has a maximum height of about which is only about one half to one third the size of Chironex fleckeri. On average, however, the animals are much smaller, being more typically in height. The maximum inter-radial diameter is. The outer surface of the bell is smooth in adults, however the bells of juvenile jellyfish are warty. There are four short stalks known as pedalia which carry up to nine tentacles, but on average each bears only seven tentacles. The nematocyst threads are lavender.
The manubrium is cross-shaped with lancet-shaped lips. It measures only about three quarters of the bell height. Each of the four rhopalia has six eyes, two with lenses, and two each of slot and pit pigment eyes. The statolith is oval and is located at the base of each rhopalium. There are eight different types of stinging cells.

Venom

This box jellyfish is highly venomous. The stings cause great pain and have caused several deaths in Japanese waters. The symptoms include cardiac arrest and respiratory failure with acute pulmonary oedema.