Christian Lattier is one of the most renowned artists from Côte d'Ivoire, and was an elite sculptor of the mid-twentieth century. During his younger years, Lattier studied at the Catholic Mission in Abidjan in the Côte d'Ivoire. The "bare-handed sculptor", as some called him, emigrated from the Ivory Coast to France in 1935 for education purposes. At the age of 10 he attended the Marist Brotherhood of Saint-Chamond on the Loire, a catholic school founded by Marcellin Champagnat. In 1945 He began his studies in the Écoles des Beaux-Arts, Saint-Etienne at twenty-one years old. During his time in Saint-Etienne he apprenticed under Henri Barthelemy, a master sculptor, and Joachim Durand, a modeler. In 1947 he transferred to the École des Beaux-Arts de Paris where he studied sculpture and architecture under several notable masters of sculpture, architecture and wood carving. He emerged with an unprecedented dedication to modern sculpture, experimenting with new forms and unusual materials. He was soon acknowledged for his artistic ability and the distinct style of his works. he left the École des Beaux-Arts de Paris in 1956 and spent several years exhibiting before his return to Côte d'Ivoire after their independence from france in 1960. He returned to the Côte d'Ivoire around 1961-62 to teach as a professor for sculptural art at the École Nationale des Beaux-Arts in Abidjan. He spent the rest of his years there until his unexpected death in 1978.
Influences and impact
Christian Lattier's innovative style was a key factor in the development of modernism is the Côte d'Ivoire and france. With the Côte d'Ivoire being colonized by France from 1893-1960, he was influenced by centuries-old traditions in European and West African cultures. He was inspired by African masks and used string, wire and reddish colors in his sculptures. Throughout his lifetime he created over 3,000 designs, keeping his best pieces and destroying the rest. Lattier was very particular when it came to his sculptures, he would destroy his work and start again a multitude of times until it reached his desired quality. A hard worker to say the least, Lattier spent all his time working and researching to further better his craft. His hardworking nature was known and impressed those around him. Nineteen pieces of Christian Lattier's sculptures are currently in the collection of "Musée National de Côte d'Ivoire" in Abidjan.
Themes and style
Christian Lattier’s style was to use the traditional West African technique of weaving a mask around a center of wire or tie it up with ideas derived mainly from European art and cultural history. The mediums that Lattier worked with were stone, wire, wood, and a strong hemp fibre. Lattier was a pioneer in modern sculpture in the Côte d'Ivoire and France. His never before seen style reinvented sculpture, which ultimately brought him many awards and success.
Movement
He was a part of “The Short Century” which was an exhibition on independence and liberation movements in Africa between 1945-1994 that traveled to Munich, Berlin, Chicago, and NY from May 18, 2001 to July 29, 2001.
Notable Works
1954: Lattier's Le Panthere, won the Chevanard Prix at the "World Festival of Black Arts" in Dakar, where he introduced the use of string, when usually, candidates presented only plasterboard.
1957: Lattier collaborated with sculptor Guillau mel and Georges Fabre in the exterior decoration of the Abidjan Town Hall.
1962: One of his most famous works was a statue named The Chicken Thief or the Victory of Samothrace. It was made with string and wire and is around 4.2 feet high.
1969: Lattier created a huge wall panel made of string displayed in the hall of the airport of Abidjan titled The three ages of Ivory Coast, along with a metal and a concrete sculpture titled Ivory Coast in the year 2000, and The Aviation, respectively.
1970: Lattier participated in the decoration of the building of the Price Stabilization Fund in Abidjan.
1975, Lattier created Mask, which garnered attention due to his use of traditional techniques that referred back to West African traditions.
1975: Centre Culturel Français, Abidjan, Elfenbeinküste. Third exhibition in Côte d'Ivoire
2001-02: "The Short Century. Independence and Liberation Movements in Africa 1945-94" curated by Okwui Enwezor for the Villa Stuck in Munich, shown also in Berlin, Chicago and New York
2004: "Dak'Art" 6th Edition of Dakar Biennial in Senegal
2007-08: "Black Paris - Black Brussels", curated by: Kerstin Pinther, Sigrid Horsch-Albert and Hanna Kiefer, held in Bayreuth between 26 Oct. 2006- 11 Feb. 2007, in Frankfurt am Main between 13 Mar. 2007- 4 Nov. 2007 and in Brussels, Musée d'Ixelles between 27 Feb. - 27. Apr. 2008
Awards
1953: “Premier Prix des Cathedrales de France” during his living in France
1954: “Premier Prix Chenavard” for his work Le Panthere