Civilekonom
Civilekonom, literally "civil economist", is a professional title in Sweden which traditionally refers to an individual who holds either a Bachelor's degree or a Master's degree in business administration and economics. Unlike the English language usage, in Swedish, ekonomi is commonly used as an umbrella designation for both business- and economics-related subjects.
As an academic title it was first introduced by the Stockholm School of Economics for the degree that the school offered, and was created in parallel to the already established engineering degree, which etymologically is the same as the English expression civil engineer.
Formally, the exam certificate for a civilekonom would say ekonomexamen, or be a general Bachelor's or Master's degree.
Although the title remains unprotected in Sweden and the aforementioned practice is still in use, as of 2007 a new academic degree called Civilekonomexamen has been introduced which can be awarded after four years of studies in business administration and economics by the following universities in Sweden:
