's split from FIDE in 1993 resulted in two lines of world chess champions. There was the "Classical" world champion, the title that passes on to a player only when he beats the previous world champion. This was held by Kasparov, until he was defeated by Kramnik in the Classical World Chess Championship 2000. There was also the "Official" FIDE world champion who, at the time of this match, was Rustam Kasimdzhanov. The split World Champion title led to calls for a reunification. After negotiations all parties agreed to the "Prague Agreement", whereby the winner of this match would play the winner of a match between Kasparov and the FIDE World Champion, and the winner would be the World Champion. These other matches never took place, but the titles were later unified at the FIDE World Chess Championship 2006.
The 2002 Dortmund Sparkassen Chess Meeting acted as the Candidates Tournament to determine the challenger to Kramnik's title. However, not all of the top-ranked players were present. World No. 1 Garry Kasparov declined his invitation, instead insisting that he deserved a rematch with Kramnik based on his tournament results in 2001. Some other players, including world No. 2 Viswanathan Anand, declined invitations because they believed they were in conflict with their obligations under the rival FIDE World Championship. When the tournament was announced in April 2002, 7 of the 8 players were from the top 12 in the world in the January 2002 ratings list. Apart from Kramnik, the only top 12 players missing were Kasparov, Anand, Ivanchuk and FIDE World Champion Ruslan Ponomariov. The final position went to Christopher Lutz, who was 44th in the world in the January 2002 list. Leko won the Candidates Tournament: Shirov won a two-game playoff 1½-½ to be placed first ahead of Topalov. The top two from each group advanced to the knock-out stage where mini-matches were played, with a 2-game rapid chess playoff in the event of a tie. Topalov–Bareev was tied 2–2; Topalov won the rapid playoff 1½–½.
– Leko, as white, goes into an ending a pawn up with some winning chances, and outplays Kramnik to win, and level the match.
– Leko, as black in the Marshall Attack, plays into a line prepared by Kramnik's team, and finds the refutation over the board, to take a one-point lead. Chessbase wrote, "Many questions were answered by today's eighth match game. Does Leko have what it takes to beat Kramnik in a match? Is Kramnik's preparation simply unbeatable? Why don't many top players allow the Marshall Gambit with white? "
– Leko switches to the Caro–Kann Defence. Kramnik has winning chances, but Leko defends well and, with both players short on time, Leko offers a draw on move 34.
– Kramnik plays the Benoni, in a surprise attempt to win with black, but the game is drawn. Kramnik must now win the final game.
– Kramnik wins the final game to tie the match and retain his title.
