Comparison of web frameworks

This is a comparison of notable web frameworks, software used to build and deploy web applications.

General

Basic information about each framework.
Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.

ASP.NET

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
ASP.NET Dynamic Data
Base One Foundation Component Library	7.51	2018-06-01
Component-based Scalable Logical Architecture	4.11.2	2019-07-31
MonoRail	2.1	2011-03-17
OpenRasta	2.5.2001	2017-12-21

C++

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
CppCMS	1.2.1	2018-05-18
Drogon	1.0.0-beta17	2020-05-22
Poco			Boost Software License
Tntnet	2.2.1	2014-01-17	LGPL
Wt	4.0.5	2018-12-14	GPL, Proprietary

ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
CFWheels
ColdBox Platform
ColdSpring	1.2	2008-09-12
Fusebox	5.5.2	2012-05-08
Model-Glue	3.1.299	2010-03-05

Common Lisp

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Caveman2	2.4.0	2015-06-05

D

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
vibe.d	0.8.5	2019-03-26

Elixir

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Phoenix	1.4.15	2020-03-06

Haskell

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Snap	1.1.3.0	2020-05-07
Yesod

HTML, CSS

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Bootstrap	4.3.1	2019-02-13	MIT, Apache
Foundation	6.5.3	2019-01-27	MIT

Java

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Apache Click	2.3.0	2011-03-27
Apache OFBiz	16.11.05	2018-10-02
Apache Shale	1.0.4	2007-12-19
Apache Sling	11	2018-10-23
Apache Struts 2	2.5.20	2019-01-09
Apache Tapestry	5.4.5	2019-08-31
Apache Wicket	8.5.0	2019-05-28
AppFuse	3.5.0	2015-02-20
Brutos Framework	2.0-rc3	2018-08-14
Eclipse RAP	3.11	2019-12-18
FormEngine	2.0.1	2012-05-08
Grails	4.0.0	2019-07-11
Google Web Toolkit	2.8.2	2017-10-19
Hamlets	1.7.1	2012-06-29
ItsNat	1.4	2015-09-18	GNU LGPL, proprietary
JavaServer Faces	2.3.9	2018-11-30
JBoss Seam	3.1.0 final	2012-01-13
Jspx-bay	2.1	2015-12-23
JVx	2.8	2018-12-19
JWt	3.4.0	2019-07-31	GPL, Proprietary
Netty	4.1.39	2019-08-13	Apache License 2.0
OpenLaszlo	4.9.0	2010-10-21
OpenXava	6.1.2	2019-06-18
Oracle ADF	12.2.1.4	2019-10-09	Oracle Technology Network Developer License
Play	2.7.3	2019-06-19
RIFE	1.6.1	2007-07-14
Spark	2.9.1	2019-05-22
Spring	5.1.9	2019-06-13
Stripes	1.6.0	2015-07-23
Vaadin	14.0.3	2019-09-04
VRaptor	4.2.0.Final	2017-09-19
Wavemaker	10.1.0	2019-08-19
WebObjects	5.4.3	2008-09-15
WebWork	2.2.6	2007-07-21
ztemplates	2.4.0	2011-09-11

JavaScript

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
AngularJS	1.7.8	2019-03-11
Angular	8.2.4	2019-08-28
Backbone.js	1.4.0	2019-02-19
Ember.js	3.13.0	2019-09-20
Express.js	4.17.1	2019-05-25
KnockoutJS	3.5.0	2019-02-22
Meteor
OpenUI5	1.69.1	2019-08-15	Apache 2.0 License by SAP
Polymer	3.3.0	2019-06-24	BSD
React.js	16.9.0	2019-08-08
Sails.js	1.2.3	2019-06-18
Vue.js	2.6.10	2019-03-20
Cappuccino	1.0.0	2018-09-04

Lua

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Kepler	1.1.1	2009-03-11

Scala

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Lift	3.3.0	2018-07-21	Apache 2.0
Play	2.7.3	2019-06-19	Apache 2.0
Scalatra	2.6.5	2019-02-14	BSD

Perl

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Catalyst			Artistic, GPL
Dancer
Mason	2.24	2015-05-16
Maypole	2.13	2008-04-18
Mojolicious			Artistic

PHP

Project	Start date	Current stable version	Release date	License
Agavi	2005-05	1.0.8	2015-06-29
CakePHP	2005-08
CodeIgniter	2006-02-28
Fat-Free	2009-09
FuelPHP	2011-08
Gyroscope	2008-11-20	16.7	2020-05-17
Jamroom	2003-07-28
Kajona	2006	6.2	2017-06-08
Kohana	2007-07	3.3.5	2016-03-10
Laravel	2011-07-31
Li3	2009-10
Nette Framework	2006-01	3.0.0	2019-04-03
Phalcon	2012-11-14	4.0.6	2020-05-16
Pop PHP	2012-03-19	4.5.0	2020-05-28
PRADO	2004-01
Silex	2011-09	2.3.0	2018-04-20
SilverStripe	2007-02-03
Smart.Framework	2015-02-01
Symfony	2005-10
Yii	2008-12-03
Zend Framework	2006-03	3.0.0	2016-06-28

Python

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Bottle	0.12.18	2019-12-01
BlueBream	1.0	2011-01-18	ZPL
CherryPy	18.5.0	2019-09-04	BSD
CubicWeb			LGPL
Django	3.0.8	2020-07-01
Flask	1.1.1	2019-07-08
Google App Engine	1.9.63	2018-02-27	LGPL, Proprietary
Grok	2.8	2013-02-14	ZPL
Jam.py	5.4.96	2020-06-18
Nagare	0.4.1	2012-01-18
Pyjs	0.8.1a	2012-05-06
Pylons	1.0.2	2015-07-21
Pyramid	1.10.4	2019-04-15
TACTIC			EPL
Tornado	6.0.3	2019-06-22	Apache
TurboGears	2.4.1	2019-09-03	MIT, LGPL
web2py	2.18.5	2019-04-08	LGPL3
Webware	1.1.1	2013-01-18	Python
Zope 2			ZPL

Ruby

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Camping	2.1	2010-08-20
Merb	1.1.3	2010-07-10
Padrino	0.14.4	2019-01-14
PureMVC	2.0.4	2008-08-14	CC +Attribution
Ruby on Rails	6.0	2019-08-16
Sinatra	2.0.7	2019-08-22

Others

Project	Language	Current stable version	Release date	License
AIDA/Web	Smalltalk	6.7	2014-09-14
Application Express	PL/SQL	19.1	2019-03-29
Flex	ActionScript, MXML	4.16.1	2019-11-23
Grails	Groovy	4.0.0	2019-07-11
Morfik	C#, BASIC, Pascal, Java	3.0.8.1	2010-12-13
Ocsigen	OCaml	4.2	2015-07-21
Opa	Opa	1.1.1	2013-04-16
OpenACS	Tcl	5.9.1	2017-08-08
Seaside	Smalltalk	3.4.0	2019-08-24

Comparison of features

C++

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework	DB migration framework	Security framework	Template framework	Caching framework	Form validation framework
CppCMS
Tntnet
Wt

ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework	DB migration framework	Security framework	Template framework	Caching framework	Form validation framework
ColdBox Platform			Push-pull			via TestBox, MockBox	via plugin
Fusebox	via CF or any JavaScript library		Push		via lexicons for Transfer, Reactor	via other testing frameworks		via plugins		via lexicon for ColdSpring
Model-Glue	via CF or any JavaScript library		Push			via other testing frameworks		via plugins

Common Lisp

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework	DB migration framework	Security framework	Template framework	Caching framework	Form validation framework
Caveman2		-	-			Prove

Java

Project

Language

Ajax

MVC framework

MVC push-pull

i18n & L10n?

ORM

Testing framework

DB migration framework

Security framework

Template framework

Caching framework

Form validation framework

Apache Click

Java

Page oriented

Pull

Apache OFBiz

Java, Groovy, XML,

Apache Sling

Java

Uses JCR content repository

Apache Struts

Java

Apache Tapestry

Java

Pull

Apache Wicket

Java

Pull

FormEngine

Java

own connector API

Grails

Groovy

Push

ItsNat

Java

Push

JavaServer Faces

Java

Pull

Project

Language

Ajax

MVC framework

MVC push-pull

i18n & L10n?

ORM

Testing framework

DB migration framework

Security framework

Template framework

Caching framework

Form validation framework

JBoss Seam

Java

Pull

Jspx-bay

Java

Own API

Master-content pages

JVx WebUI

Java

Single sourcing

JWt

Java

OpenXava

Java

UI is automatically generated

Play

Java, Scala

RIFE

Java

Spring

Java

Push

Stripes

Java

Pull

Vaadin

Java

Wavemaker

JavaScript, Java

Push

Project

Language

Ajax

MVC framework

MVC push-pull

i18n & L10n?

ORM

Testing framework

DB migration framework

Security framework

Template framework

Caching framework

Form validation framework

WebObjects

Java

Google Web Toolkit

Java, JavaScript

JUnit, jsUnit, Selenium

via Java

Java, ZUML

ztemplates

Java JDK 1.5 or newer

Push, multiple actions per URL

JavaScript

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework	DB migration framework	Security framework	Template framework	Caching framework	Form validation framework
AngularJS
EmberJS
qooxdoo
SproutCore											-
Wakanda

Lua

Perl

PHP

Project

Language

Ajax

MVC framework

MVC push-pull

i18n & L10n?

ORM

Testing framework

DB migration framework

Security framework

Template framework

Caching framework

Form validation framework

Scaffolding

RAD

Mobility

CakePHP 3

PHP >= 5.6

CodeIgniter

PHP >= 7.2 or PHP >= 5.6.0

, Unit tests for v.4 and up

Fat-Free Framework

PHP

FuelPHP

PHP >= 5.3.x

, Plugins available

Fusebox

PHP

, custom

Gyroscope

PHP >=5.4

Kajona

PHP >= 7

Laravel

PHP >= 5.5.9

Li3

PHP >= 5.3.6

Lumen

PHP >= 7.2

Nette Framework

PHP >= 5.6.0

Phalcon

PHP >= 5.5

Pop PHP

PHP >= 7.1.0

PRADO

PHP >= 5.3.0

SilverStripe

PHP >= 5.2

Silex

PHP >= 5.3.9

Smart.Framework

PHP >= 5.4.9

Symfony

PHP 5

Symfony 2

PHP >= 5.3.3

TYPO3

PHP >= 5.5

Yii

PHP >= 5.4

Zend Framework

PHP >= 5.3

Python

Project

Language

Ajax

MVC framework

MVC push-pull

i18n & L10n?

ORM

Testing framework

DB migration framework

Security framework

Template framework

Caching framework

Form validation framework

Python 3.*

Bottle

Python

CherryPy

Python

Django

Python

Push

Flask

Python

Jam.py

Python, JavaScript

Event driven

Pyjs

Python, JavaScript

Use PureMVC Python version

??, no direct data access

Pylons

Python

Push

Pyramid

Python

Push

TACTIC

Python

Pull

Tornado

Python

TurboGears

Python

Push

web2py

Python

Push

Webware

Python

Pull

BlueBream

Python

Pull

Zope 2

Python

Pull

Ruby

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework	DB migration framework	Security framework	Template framework	Caching framework	Form validation framework
Camping			Push
Ruby on Rails			Push
Sinatra			Push

Others

Project

Language

Ajax

MVC framework

MVC push-pull

i18n & L10n?

ORM

Testing framework

DB migration framework

Security framework

Template framework

Caching framework

Form validation framework

AIDA/Web

Smalltalk

Application Express

PL/SQL

Flex

ActionScript, MXML

Lift

Scala

Pull

Ocsigen

OCaml

Opa

OpenACS

Tcl

Seaside

Smalltalk

, intentionally

Project

Language

Ajax

MVC framework

MVC push-pull

i18n & L10n?

ORM

Testing framework

DB migration framework

Security framework

Template framework

Caching framework

Form validation framework

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