Compositional domain


A compositional domain in genetics is a region of DNA with a distinct guanine and cytosine G-C and C-G content. The homogeneity of compositional domains is compared to that of the chromosome on which they reside. As such, compositional domains can be homogeneous or nonhomogeneous domains. Compositionally homogeneous domains that are sufficiently long are termed isochores or isochoric domains.
The compositional domain model was proposed as an alternative to the isochoric model. The isochore model was proposed by Bernardi and colleagues to explain the observed non-uniformity of genomic fragments in the genome. However, recent sequencing of complete genomic data refuted the isochoric model. Its main predictions were:
The compositional domain model describes the genome as a mosaic of short and long homogeneous and nonhomogeneous domains. The composition and organization of the domains were shaped by different evolutionary processes that either fused or broke down the domains. This genomic organization model was confirmed in many new genomic studies of cow, honeybee, sea urchin, body louse, Nasonia, beetle, and ant genomes. The human genome was described as consisting of a mixture of compositionally nonhomogeneous domains with numerous short compositionally homogeneous domains and relatively few long ones.