The Compulsory Border Guard Service was enacted by the German parliament in the Federal Border Protection Act of 18 August 1972, based on Article 12a of the German Constitution. The remaining provisions of the Federal Border Protection Act were repealed in 1994. However, compulsory border guard service has not been enforced since 1973. Anyone who serves or served in the Federal Border Guard can no longer be assigned to the military service in the GermanFederal Armed Forces. In 2005 the border guard service was renamed the Bundespolizei and any mandatory service would be performed there.
History
The implementation of compulsory border guard service has to be seen in a historical context. Until the 1980s the BGS was organized as a paramilitary force that could be deployment nationwide, either at the inner-German border but also elsewhere in case of civil disorder, something which the Bundeswehr was prohibited to do at the time. The BGS used heavy military equipment and the officers were officially combatants until 1994. After the "German Emergency Acts" were enacted in 1968, the tasks of the BGS changed. The military task was reduced because in a State of Defence the Bundeswehr was thereafter empowered in limited circumstances to be deployed in domestic disturbances. Nevertheless, the BGS was equipped with light and medium infantry weapons until the mid-eighties and still maintains armoured personnel carriers like the Sonderwagen 4 or Mowag Eagle.
Men at the age of eighteen, or older if they were former members of the Federal Police or if they had not previously served in the military or federal police, can be drafted to the border guard service. Mandatory service can be introduced if there are not enough volunteers joining the federal police. If the need is covered by volunteers at a later date, currently drafted persons are to be released. The employment status of the draftees is similar to the status during military service. The service is divided into border protection basic service, border protection exercises and perpetual border protection service in case of defense and in the cases mentioned in article 91 of the constitution. After their service has been completed, members are transferred to the border guard reserve.
Similar to the suspended conscription for military service since 2011, the compulsory border guard service is legally paused since 1994, but can be reactivated anytime by a resolution of the parliament.
