Constitutional Court of Ukraine
The Constitutional Court of Ukraine is the sole body of constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine interprets the Constitution of Ukraine in terms of laws and other legal acts.
The Court initiated its activity on October 18, 1996. The first Court ruling was made on May 13, 1997.
On urgent matters the Constitutional Court rules within weeks, but on matters deemed less urgent it can take months.
Decisions of the Constitutional Court are binding, final, and cannot be appealed.
Mission and authority
In 2016 access to the Constitutional Court was significantly broadened. Since then all individuals and companies where there are grounds to claim that a final court judgment contradicts the Constitution can file a complaint at the court. A complaint may only be filed after all other remedies have been exhausted in the regular Ukrainian courts.The amended Constitution of Ukraine now provides for access to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine to all individuals and companies where there are grounds to claim that a final court judgment contradicts the Constitution. A complaint may only be filed after all other remedies have been exhausted in the regular Ukrainian courts.
The authority of the Constitutional Court is derived from
The Court:
- on the appeal of the President, no less than 45 members of the parliament, the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the Ombudsman, or the Crimean parliament, assesses the constitutionality of:
- * laws and other legal acts of the parliament
- * acts of the President
- * acts of the Cabinet
- * legal acts of the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
- officially interprets the Constitution and laws of Ukraine
- on the appeal of the President or the Cabinet, provides opinions on the conformity with the Constitution of international treaties
- on the appeal of the parliament, provides an opinion on the observance of the procedure of impeachment of the President
- provides an opinion on the compliance of a bill on introducing amendments to the Constitution with the restrictions imposed by the Constitution.
Structure
The Court is composed of 18 judges, appointed in equal shares by the President, the parliament, and the Congress of Judges.A judge must be a citizen of Ukraine and must have:
- attained the age of forty;
- a higher legal education and professional experience of no less than 10 years;
- resided in Ukraine for the last twenty years;
- command of the state language
The Chairman of the Court is elected by secret ballot for a single three-year term from and by the members of the Court. The current Chairman, Anatoliy Holovin.
In the 2000s attempts to bribe and blackmail Constitutional Court judges in order to get a favourable ruling were reported.
List of judges
- President's quota:
- * Volodymyr Kampo since August 4, 2006
- * Dmytro Lylak since August 4, 2006
- * Viktor Shyshkin since August 4, 2006
- * Yurij Baulin since June 3, 2007
- * Sergij Vdovichenko since June 3, 2007
- * Yurij Nikitin since June 3, 2007
- Parliament's quota:
- Congress of judges' quota:
- * Vasyl Bryntsev since August 4, 2006
- * Vyacheslav Dzhun' since August 4, 2006
- * Anatoliy Didkivskyy since August 4, 2006
- * Ivan Dombrovskyy since August 4, 2006;
- * Yaroslava Machuzhak since August 4, 2006
- * Andriy Stryzhak since August 4, 2006
Chairpersons
- 1992-1995 Leonid Yuzkov
- 1996-1999 Ivan Tymchenko
- 1999-2002 Viktor Skomorokha
- 2002-2005 Mykola Selivon
- 2005-2006 Pavlo Yevhrafov
- 2006-2006 Volodymyr Ivashchenko
- 2006-2007 Ivan Dombrovskyy
- 2007-2007 Valeriy Pshenychnyy
- 2007-2010 Andriy Stryzhak
- 2010-2013 Anatolii Holovin
- 2013-2014 Vyacheslav Ovcharenko
- 2014-2017 Yuriy Baulin
- 2017-2018 Viktor Kryvenko
- 2018-2019 Stanislav Shevchuk
- 2019–present Nataliya Shaptala
Europe Council Parliamentary Assembly
Ukrainian Parliamentary Election, 2007
On April 19 the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe passed a resolution in consideration of a report titled Functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine. stated:The associated explanatory report under the sub-heading of Pressure on the courts expressed concern that
In emphasis the report stated
On April 30, on the eve of the Constitutional Court's ruling on the legality of the president's decree dismissing Ukraine's parliament, President Yushchenko, in defiance of the PACE resolution of April 19 intervened in the operation of Ukraine's Constitutional Court by summarily dismissing two Constitutional Court Judges, Syuzanna Stanik and Valeriy Pshenychnyy, for allegations of "oath treason." His move was later overturned by the Constitutional Court and the judges were returned by a temporary restraining order issued by the court.
On May 16,Viktor Yushchenko, for a second time, issued another decree dismissing the two Constitutional Court Judges Syuzanna Stanik and Valeriy Pshenychnyy.
On May 17, the Constitutional Court Chairman Ivan Dombrovskyy resigns and is replaced by Valeriy Pshenychnyy.
On May 23, The Constitutional Court of Ukraine acted to prevent the president's undue influence on the court system. The court's ruling was made after Viktor Yushchenko unduly sought to influence the court by illegally firing two Constitutional Court judges Valeriy Pshenychnyy and Syuzanna Stanik for allegations of "oath treason.".
On July 20 Susanna Stanik won an appeal against the President in the Shevchenko district court of Kiev. The Court ruled the President's actions illegal and reinstated Ms Stanik's entitlement as a member of Ukraine's Constitutional Court. According to the ruling, the President is obliged to cancel his decree on discharge of Mrs. Stanik.." The other two judges who were also illegally dismissed had previously tendered their resignations and as such were not subject to the courts order.
Following the president's intervention the Constitutional Court still has not ruled on the question of legality of the president's actions.
Stepan Havrsh, the President's appointee to the Constitutional Court, in prejudgment of the courts decision and without authorization from the Court itself, commented in an interview published on July 24
Olexander Lavrynovych, Ukrainian Minister for Justice, in an interview published on August 3 is quoted as saying
- On March 25, 2008 Ukraine's Supreme Administrative Court ruled the President's dismissal of Suzanna Stanik as a Constitutional Court judge illegal. Ms Stanik's position has been reinstated. The decision is final and not subject to further appeal
- On April 3, 2008 Stanik was dismissed from the Court by the order of the President.
- On April 28, 2010 President Viktor Yanukovych reinstated Stanik as Constitutional Court judge. She resigned the next day.
Famous and notorious rulings
- December 29, 1999: The Court interpreted the Constitution as unconditionally ruling out capital punishment; this is the date when Ukraine de jure abolished capital punishment after a long period of a de facto moratorium.
- November 14, 2001: The Court outlawed the institution of propiska.
- December 25, 2003: The Court allowed Leonid Kuchma to run for presidency for the third time; Kuchma chose not to run for re-election.
- October 1, 2010: The Court determined the 2004 amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine unconstitutional, repealing them. On February 21, 2014 parliament passed a law that reinstated these December 2004 amendments.