Constitutional history of Turkey

Milestones

• 1808: Sened-i İttifak prepared by Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, in period of Mahmud II was signed on September 29, among Rumelian and Anatolian chief men and the Ottoman State in order to make the central authority dominant over the provinces.
• 1839: Imperial Edict of Reorganization prepared by Mustafa Reşid Pasha on November 3, during the rule of Abdulmejid I.
• 1856: Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856 that complemented and reinforced the Imperial Edict of Reorganization.
• 1876: Ottoman constitution of 1876, during the First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1909: Revisions to the 1876 constitution, during the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1921: 1921 Constitution; first constitution of the Republic of Turkey; introduced a single chamber of legislation, the Grand National Assembly, to form a unicameral system.
• 1924: Revised constitution of 1924.
• 1961: 1961 constitution; introduced an upper chamber of legislation, the Senate, to form a bicameral system.
• 1982: 1982 constitution; abolished the Senate, reverting to a unicameral system.
• 2017: Revisions to the 1982 constitution; introduced a presidential system; abolished the office of Prime Minister.