Costodiaphragmatic recess


The costodiaphragmatic recess, also called the costophrenic recess or phrenicocostal sinus, is a potential space in the pleural cavity, at the posterior-most tips of the cavity, located at the junction of the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura. It measures approximately 5 cm vertically and extends from the eighth to the tenth rib along the mid-axillary line.

Function

The lungs expand into this recess during forced inspiration; however, the recess never fills completely. During expiration, it contains no lung tissue, only pleural fluid.

Clinical significance

s collect in the costodiaphragmatic recess when in standing position.
A thoracocentesis is often performed here while a patient is in full expiration because of less risk of puncturing the lungs and thereby causing pneumothorax.

Imaging

In anatomy, the costophrenic angles are the places where the diaphragm meets the ribs.
Each costophrenic angle can normally be seen as on chest x-ray as a sharply-pointed, downward indentation between each hemi-diaphragm and the adjacent chest wall. A small portion of each lung normally reaches into the costophrenic angle. The normal angle usually measures thirty degrees.

Pleural effusion

With pleural effusion, fluid often builds up in the costophrenic angle. This can push the lung upwards, resulting in "blunting" of the costophrenic angle.
The posterior angle is the deepest.
Obtuse angulation is sign of disease.
Chest x-ray is the first test done to confirm the presence of pleural fluid. The lateral upright chest x-ray should be examined when a pleural effusion is suspected. In an upright x-ray, 75 mL of fluid blunts the posterior costophrenic angle. Blunting of the lateral costophrenic angle usually requires about 175 mL but may take as much as 500 mL. Larger pleural effusions opacify portions of the hemithorax and may cause mediastinal shift; effusions > 4 L may cause complete opacification of the hemithorax and mediastinal shift to the contralateral side.