Creative education
Creative education is when students are able to use imagination and critical thinking to create new and meaningful forms of ideas where they can take risks, be independent and flexible. Instead of being taught to reiterate what was learned, students learn to develop their ability to find various solutions to a problem. Coming up with various out-of-the box solutions is known as divergent thinking and there is no one way of cultivating this skill - largely due to the newness of the concept and the limited scientific information on creativity.
Overview
Importance
The increasing interest in creative education is due to the need for more critical thinkers in business science, politics and every subject to be able to solve complex problems. As the world becomes more interconnected, it is no longer possible to make linear decisions in business and in politics. Current leaders are looking for people who can bring about new ideas to solve pressing issues. For instance, in a 2010 IBM study, Chief Executive Officers from more than 60 countries and 33 different industries worldwide were surveyed on creativity. Those 1,500 CEOs believe that in order for the industries to keep growing in this increasingly complex world, creative strategies must be implemented in education so that these graduating students and future employees are better prepared for massive shifts in industries once they go to workplace. This soft skill of creativity has been identified as a competency for a successful enterprise in the future.When students have more say in their education, they become more engaged which helps facilitate learning. Plus, the goal of creative education is to challenge each student and encourage originality. Instead of "standardizing" how students approach a problem, different responses would be encouraged. This, in turn, allows more than one type of learner to exist within a classroom.
A growing number of colleges and universities are realizing the needs for more creative students in every field of education. Therefore, they are opening centers, such as Stanford University’s d.school, Harvard University's i-lab, Oklahoma State University’s Institute for Creativity and Innovation and Ball State University's Center for Creative Inquiry, to increase divergent thinking. Those centers are teaching students creative problem solving and design thinking. Creativity is a set of teachable skills and many universities are requiring students to take creativity classes as part of their undergraduate study.
Benefits of Creative Teaching
Research has found the following benefits for students using creativity in education:- Makes learning more fun for students where they can learn faster and can increase their performance
- Students’ dislike for science, mathematics, and social studies subjects can be diminished
- Improvement in student achievement
Barriers to Creative Teaching
- Some teachers may not have the mindset of teaching their students how to be creative
- Some teachers might view creative work as “extra” and not needed
- There is a “creativity gap” in classrooms where creativity is discouraged
- Some studies have found that teachers cannot be creative in classrooms due to pressures by the system, standards, and big classroom size
Ways to Increase Creativity in Classroom
- Don’t limit assignments to one format. For example, instead of limiting the student to the writing assignment, they can create a podcast, video, role playing, poem, composing songs, etc.
- Set time aside for creativity. For instance, set aside one hour in a school day to let students explore their ideas
- Use technology to broaden your idea of assignments. For example, you can use Google Maps to teach geography and make the class more interactive.
- Introduce unconventional learning materials into class. Besides using the books in the classrooms, you can use educational podcasts and videos, such as Radiolab and Ted Talks, which can create entertainment with education
- Reward creative ideas, thoughts and products
- Encourage risk-taking, allowing mistakes, and imagining from various perspectives
- And finally, teach teachers to be more creative in classrooms and hold creativity workshops for them
Research
After two decades, employers and universities realized the need to foster creativity in students and eventually in the workforce.
In Csikszentmihalyi's five-step process to elicit creative thinking, incubation is a necessary step. Meaning, the use of unconscious thought is needed to solve complex problems. A problem such as 2+2 is a linear thought process that can performed in the consciousness. Trying to solve the equation for gravity requires more complex connections in the brain which has been seen to require the unconscious thought process. In application to education, this may include requiring more recess time to facilitate the creative thought process. However, there is limited research on how exactly the creative thought process works and how it can be elicited.
In relevance to education, there is research that emphasizes that students and teachers need more freedom to allow a more creative education process to take place. Students who can participate in their education show more creativity but for this type of education to work, teachers must also have more control over the curriculum. This may look like the teacher determining the curriculum for the entire year or determining how much time each students needs to spend on each subject. Instead of the decision making starting from the top-down, the decision making starts from the ground-up. This isn't suggesting there shouldn't be some national guideline but the idea is to place more trust in the teachers as they are on-the-grounds, engaging with each student.
Different methods
Creative Problem Solving (CPS)
The CPS method is a more explicit form of cultivating creativity and uses divergent and convergent thinking skills. Students are asked to brainstorm, plan ahead, and find solutions. Instead of changing an entire curriculum to be creative focused, this method is a more obvious way to teach students how to critically approach assignments.The Torrance Incubation Model (TIM)
The Torrance Incubation Model Heighten Anticipation 2) Deepen Expectations 3) Extend the Learning. This model was created to allow instructors to integrate creativity into their lessons without affecting the subject material. Instead of having to put aside time to teach creativity, teachers can use the TIM model to address the subject and creativity at the same time. The teaching model also aspiries to help teachers teach better and to increase interest in students.Relating Concepts
Creative education is sometimes called design education but that may be confused with education pertaining to the design industry.Design thinking also explains the process of creatively solving problems in all faucets of life. Though this is very similar, creative education focuses on how classes are taught to oppress or encourage creativity.
Increased prevalence across nations
Singapore
In OECD's PISA global education survey, Singapore was named for having the best education system in 2015. Singapore not only uses technology heavily in their classrooms, but there is emphasis on the idea that the teacher is a facilitator of finding information not the source of information. The argument is that kids are exposed to engaging screens outside of school so expecting them to not use their phones in school makes school boring. By using technology in the classroom, the can use the interest in technology as leverage to maintain student engagement. The technology skills are also more relevant to today's time. Additionally, teachers are encouraged to continually learn and change their teaching strategy by speaking with other instructors and allowing others to weigh-in on their classes - so the teaching method is constantly improving.Finland
Finland has also been ranked as hosting one of the top education systems in the world. Not only does the country strive to have accessible education, but teachers usually stay with the same students over several years. The curriculum in Finland starts from the bottom-up so teachers have more control to change the design of the curriculum. This is partly due to the shift in how tests are viewed. Tests are still used as a means of assessing progress but there is no national testing. There has been several intiaitives taken across Finnish schools to bring 4C's - collaboration, creaitivty and communication as a part of curriculum. program aimed to spread Finnish educational know-how outside Finland run by under Ministry of Education, Finland. The key organization members of like focuses on developing the Finnish schools centered around creaitivty across several countries.UK
From the 1960s through the 80's the UK's primary schools were recognized as innovative and surrounding around the child as recorded in the Plowden Report. A noteworthy school in the UK is A.S.'s Summerhill School which is a democratic school where parents, teachers, and students have a say in the education and where the education is designed around the students opposed to kids adapting to a standard school system.Compared to the European Union, the UK, especially Northern Ireland, have a more frequent usage of creativity across multiple school subjects.