Crosswordese


Crosswordese is the group of words frequently found in US crossword puzzles but seldom found in everyday conversation. The words are usually short, three to five letters, with letter combinations which crossword constructors find useful in the creation of crossword puzzles, such as words that start and/or end with vowels, abbreviations consisting entirely of consonants, unusual combinations of letters, and words consisting almost entirely of frequently used letters. Such words are needed in almost every puzzle to some extent. Too much crosswordese in a crossword puzzle is frowned upon by and crossword enthusiasts.
Knowing the language of "crosswordese" is helpful to constructors and solvers alike. According to Marc Romano, "to do well solving crosswords, you absolutely need to keep a running mental list of "crosswordese", the set of recurring words that constructors reach for whenever they are heading for trouble in a particular section of the grid."

Frequently used crosswordese

When applicable, example clues will be denoted in square brackets and answers will be denoted in all caps, e.g. for ANSWER.
Portions of phrases are occasionally used as fill in the blank clues. For instance, "Et tu, Brute?" might appear in a puzzle's clue sheet as "_____, Brute?"

Architecture

Many puzzles ask for the direction from one city to another. These directions always fall between the standard octaval compass points—i.e., North, Northeast, East, etc.
The directions asked for on clue sheets are usually approximations. Starting at north and going clockwise, the directions are:
Directions on the mariner's compass may also be encountered, although generally clued more explicitly:
Because of crossword rules that restrict the usage of two-letter words, only entries of three or more letters have been listed.
ABCDEFGHIJKLM
Singularayebeeceedeen/aeffgeeaitchn/ajaykayelln/a
Pluralayesbeesceesdeesn/aefs/effsgeesaitchesn/ajayskaysels/ellsems
NOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Singularn/an/apeecuen/aessteen/aveedouble-un/awyezee/zed
Pluralensohspeescuesarsessesteesn/aveesdouble-usexs/exes/xeswyeszees/zeds

Often these letters are clued as puns, e.g. the clue for ZEES, referring to the two Zs in the center of the word "puzzle".
The "zed" spelling of Z is often indicated by a reference to a Commonwealth country, where that is the standard pronunciation.

Latin words and phrases

Many puzzles ask for Roman numerals either as answers or as portions of answers. For instance:
Standard Roman numerals run from 1 to 3999, or I to MMMCMXCIX. The first ten Roman numerals are:
For numerals representing values equal to or greater than 4000, a line is placed above the numeral. The following table shows the numerals used in crossword puzzles.
SymbolValue
I1
V5
X10
L50
C100
D500
M1,000

For those who are curious, the chart below shows numeral values up to 900,000.
×1×2×3×4×5×6×7×8×9
OnesIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIX
TensXXXXXXXLLLXLXXLXXXXC
HundredsCCCCCCCDDDCDCCDCCCCM
ThousandsMMMMMM
Ten thousands
Hundred thousands

Use of medieval Roman numerals is almost unheard of.

Science