Crown of Mary of Modena The Crown of Mary of Modena is the consort crown made in 1685 for Mary of Modena, Queen of England , Scotland and Ireland, and wife of James VII & II . It was used by future queens consort up until the end of the 18th century . Originally set with hired diamonds, the crown is set with crystals for display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London . Mary also had a diadem , also in the Jewel House, and a coronation crown , now owned by the Museum of London .Description The gold crown originally had 523 small diamonds, 38 large diamonds, and 129 large pearls. These have been replaced with quartz crystals . It is tall and weighs. The crown is decorated with crosses pattée and fleurs-de-lis and has four half-arches , surmounted with a monde and cross pattée .Origin Traditionally, when a king is married, his wife is crowned as queen consort at their coronation ceremony . In 1649, the monarchy was abolished after a long civil war between Charles I and his Parliament, and the Crown Jewels were either sold or turned into coins by the Mint . In 1685, Mary of Modena, wife of James II and VII , was the first queen consort to be crowned after the restoration of the monarchy , Charles II having been unmarried when he took the throne in 1660. Three pieces of headgear were made for the queen: a diadem to wear in procession to Westminster Abbey , a coronation crown for the crowning, and a state crown to wear upon leaving the Abbey. Made by Richard de Beauvoir, it was covered in diamonds valued at £35,000, and the bill for hiring them was £1,000. She paid for the crowns out of her own pocket and also commissioned two new sceptres and a coronation ring for the ceremony. Mary's diadem was set with 177 diamonds, 78 pearls, 1 sapphire, 1 emerald, and 1 ruby; it now contains artificial gemstones and cultured pearls, and is also on display at the Tower of London. It is tall and weighs. Her empty coronation crown was acquired from a private dealer by the Museum of London in 1956. It had been sent to the Crown Jewellers, Rundell & Bridge , for maintenance work in the 19th century, but was never returned to the Royal family . Originally, the crown weighed and was set with 419 diamonds, 46 large pearls, 7 rubies, 7 sapphires, and 2 emeralds.Usage It was subsequently used by Mary of Modena's stepdaughters Mary II and Queen Anne , and also by George I ; Queen Caroline , wife of George II ; and Queen Charlotte , wife of George III . In 1831, the crown was judged to be too theatrical and in a poor state of repair, and it was replaced with the Crown of Queen Adelaide for her coronation alongside her husband, William IV . However, it is possible that Adelaide was crowned using one of Mary of Modena's crowns.
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