Cyanotic heart defect

Signs and symptoms

• Clubbing
• The patient assuming a crouching position
• Cyanosis - bluish face, particularly the lips; and bluish fingers and toes
• Crying
• Crabbiness/irritability
• Tachycardia
• Tachypnea
• A history of inadequate feeding.
• Unusually large toe & fingernails.
• Delayed development.

  Types

• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• Transposition of the great arteries
• Truncus arteriosus
• Tricuspid atresia
• Interrupted aortic arch
• Pulmonary atresia
• Pulmonary stenosis
• Eisenmenger syndrome .
• Patent ductus arteriosus may cause cyanosis in late stage

  Management

• Morphine during Tet spells to decrease associated infundibular spasm.
• Prophylactic: Propranolol/Inderall
• Prostaglandin E
• Prophylactic antibiotic to prevent endocarditis
• Surgery: Variable. Superior Cavopulmonary Bypass, Total Cavopulmonary Bypass. The purpose of these operations is to redirect the blood flow of the deoxygenated blood to the lungs by attaching the Vena Cava directly to the Pulmonary Artery causing the blood that flows into the lungs to be oxygenated before entering the chambers on the right side of the heart. Mathematical models are used to address the issue of pressure level alterations of circulation after the procedures. The pulmonary pressure resistance in the cavopulmonary connection is increased, and these models permit clear analyses of the pressure increase allowing doctors to avoid possible venous circulation congestion.