Viteri was born on 19 November 1965 in Guayaquil. Her parents are José Viteri Peña and Leonor Jiménez Campuzano. Viteri went to the Colegio Inmaculada for her primary education and continued at the Indoamérica de Guayaquil. She studied at the University of Guayaquil where she got her licentiate in social science and politics. She continued at the same university, obtaining a doctor's degree in jurisprudence.
Viteri started her political career in 1997 when she was elected to the National Constituent Assembly for the Social Christian Party. After that congress finished in 1998 she was elected to the National Congress for Guayas Province. Her term ended in 2003. In the 2002 elections she was elected once more to the National Congress. Between 2005 and 2006 she was First Vice President of the National Congress. In that capacity she inaugurated Alfredo Palacio as President of Ecuador. On 15 October 2006, she took part in the Ecuadorian presidential election and got 525,728 votes, representing 9.63% of the total poll. Her term as member of Congress ended in 2007 when Rafael Correa called for a Constituent Assembly to replace the old Congress, that he deemed corrupt, and draft a new constitution. Viteri was elected to this Constituent Assembly. The Constituent Assembly proposed a National Assembly to replace the National Congress, this was approved by the population in the 2008 Ecuadorian constitutional referendum. In 2009 Viteri ran for the new National Assembly and was elected for Guayas Province. Viteri was reelected to National Assembly in the Ecuadorian general election of 2013, this time earning a seat for the National Constituency. The assembly was installed on 14 May 2013. After being elected Viteri became the longest serving legislator in Ecuador. In 2020 during the coronavirus, she ordered the local police to block the runway of the airport. Because of this action, several repatriation aircraft could not land. The Ecuadorian government was not happy with this action.
Personal life
She is married to economist Joaquín Villamar. The couple has five children. Viteri's mother was a candidate for Plurinational Unity of the Lefts for the National Assembly in 2013 but did not win a seat. On March 18, 2020, Viteri announced that she had been infected with the coronavirus.