During the government of Raúl Alfonsín Caputo served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina and was the only minister to serve most of the President's term in office. In this position:
He was one of the promoters of the Contadora support group, which later led to the creation of the Rio Group, for joint and multilateral action by Latin American countries in order to preserve peace and democracy in the region.
He was one of the leaders of the Cartagena Group with the object of taking joint action by indebted countries towards the creditors of the foreign debt.
During his period in office, accords were agreed with Uruguay and Brazil which formed the basis of Mercosur.
Alfonsín's stand, though unpopular at the time, soon proved correct and was partly responsible for his securing the Radical Civic Union nomination in 1983. Raúl Alfonsín was elected president on 30 October, upon which he named Dante Caputo Foreign Minister-designate. After helping shepherd the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina to ratification by voters and congress, Caputo was honored with the ceremonial post of UN General Assembly President in November 1988. Following his departure from the foreign minister's desk, Caputo was elected to the Chamber of Deputies and he served as vice-president of the Foreign Affairs Committee. In 1992 Caputo represented the OAS and the United Nations in Haiti as a special envoy. In 1993 he was appointed the UN Secretary-General's representative to Haiti, as an under-secretary of the UN, and negotiated an agreement to allow democratic transition on the island. Having been a member of the Radical Civic Union, Caputo endorsed the FrePaSo ticket ahead of the 1995 general elections, and joined the centre-left party New Space, later that year. He served as Vice President of the Frepaso coalition from 1996 on behalf of New Space. In 1997, he was once again elected a deputy. He left New Space after personal differences with Carlos Raimundi, and in 1998 joined the Popular Socialist Party, remaining as vice-president of FrePaSo until 2000. In 1999, he sought the FrePaSo nomination for election as Mayor of Buenos Aires, but lost to Aníbal Ibarra, who went on to win in 2000. In 2000, Caputo joined the government of Fernando de la Rúa, who had won the Presidency at the head of the UCR-FrePaSo Alliance, in 1999. Caputo became Secretary of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, where he served until February 2001. Between June 2001 and September 2004, he directed the Regional Project on democratic development in Latin America of the United Nations Development Programme. He was a member of the Council of the Permanent Assembly for Human Rights of Argentina and served as the Secretary for Political Affairs of the Organization of American States.
Publications
El rol del sector público en el cambio de la sociedad Argentina entre 1930 y 1958. Doctoral thesis. Sorbonne. París. 1972
El proceso de industrialización argentino entre 1900 y 1930. Institute of Latin American Studies. París 1970
El poder militar en Argentina . In collaboration. Verlag Klaus Dieter Vervuert. Frankfurt. 1982
Así nacen las democracias. In collaboration. Emecé. Buenos Aires, 1984
Democratic culture and governance. Unesco-Hispamérica. 1992
América Latina y las democracias pobres. Ediciones del Quinto Centenario. Madrid 1992.
Frepaso, alternancia o alternativa, with Julio Godio. Editor. Buenos Aires. 1996.
Argentina en el comienzo del tercer milenio. In collaboration. Editorial Atlántida. Buenos Aires
La democracia en America Latina, 2004, PNUD,
Contribuciones al debate de la democracia en América Latina, 2005, PNUD, Santillana.
Nuestra democracia, 2010, OAS and PNUD,
"El desarrollo democrático en América Latina: entre la crisis de legitimidad y la crisis de sustentabilidad," Revista SAAP, 2011.