Kahane was born in Grzymałów, partitioned Poland into a religious family of the Rabbis. He studied in Berlin and in Wrocław. In 1923–1929, following the reconstitution of sovereign Poland, he continued his studies at the University of Vienna where he obtained the title of Doctor of Philosophy in Israelitisch-Theologische Lehranstalt. Upon his return to Poland, Kahane joined the Mizrachi party in Lwów. He made his living as a religious teacher. Subsequently, he was appointed Rabbi of Tykocin, and in 1929–1939 the Rabbi in Ose Tow Synagogue of Lwów. He also served as director of scientific Tanakh institute locally. Following the Nazi Operation Barbarossa and the conquest of Lwów, he was interned in the Lwów Ghetto and was active in the local religious department. His parents were murder in Bełżec extermination camp in 1941. Prior to his deportment to Janowska concentration camp in August 1942, he managed to secure a hiding place for his three-year-old daughter. Deported to Janowska concentration camp, he escaped on 23 April 1943 and went into hiding on the 'Aryan' side. Two months after the liquidation of the Lvov ghetto, in September 1943 Kahane and 15 other Jews sheltered in Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky's home in Lvov. He survived the Holocaust in the General GovernmentDistrict of Galicia. After the Soviet takeover, in 1944 he joined the Polish People's Army in the rank of Major, and appointed chief Rabbi in 1945. Kahane protested against acts of antisemitism in Poland, including at the funeral of the victims of the Kielce pogrom. Following the liquidation of the Polish Army field rabbinate in 1949, Kahane left the army and emigrated to Israel. In Israel, he became the Chief Rabbi of the Air Force. In 1967–1975 he resided in Argentina and served as Chief Rabbi of that country. He returned to Israel in 1975 and settled in Tel Aviv. He wrote memoirs in Hebrew including: Joman geto Lwow ; translated as the Lvov Ghetto Diary ; as well as the Achre ha-mabul. The Lvov Ghetto Diary is one of the few diaries to come out of the Lvov ghetto.
