Demographics of Antarctica
has no permanent residents, and contains research stations and field camps that are staffed seasonally or year-round, and former whaling settlements. The largest station, McMurdo Station, has a summer population of about 1,000 people and a winter population of about 200. Approximately 12 nations, all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, send personnel to perform seasonal or year-round research on the continent and in its surrounding oceans.
The population of people doing and supporting scientific research on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude varies from approximately 4,000 in summer to 1,000 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research are present in the waters of the treaty region.
At least 11 children have been born in Antarctica. The first was Emilio Marcos Palma, born on 7 January 1978 to Argentine parents at Esperanza, Hope Bay, near the tip of the Antarctic peninsula. The first girl born in the Antarctic Continent was Marisa De Las Nieves Delgado, born on May 27, 1978. The birth occurred at Fortín Sargento Cabral, Base Esperanza to parents Nestor Arturo Delgado and Juana Pabla Benitez, both Argentines from the province of Salta in northwest Argentina. At least 8 live births were recorded at Esperanza Base between 1978 and 1983. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva Base, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Soon after, a girl, Gisella, was born at the same station. In 2001, National Geographic reported that eight children had been born at Esperanza alone.
| Nation | Summer population 3,687 total | Winter population 964 total | Year-round Stations 42 total | Summer-only Stations 32 total |
| Argentina | 302 | 165 | 6 | 7 |
| Australia | 201 | 75 | 4 | 4 |
| Belgium | 13 | |||
| Brazil | 80 | 12 | 1 | |
| Bulgaria | 16 | 1 | ||
| Chile | 352 | 129 | 4 | 7 |
| China | 70 | 33 | 2 | |
| Finland | 11 | 1 | ||
| France | 100 | 33 | 1 | |
| Germany | 51 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
| India | 60 | 25 | 1 | 1 |
| Italy | 106 | 1 | ||
| Japan | 136 | 40 | 1 | 3 |
| South Korea | 14 | 14 | 1 | |
| Netherlands | 10 | |||
| New Zealand | 60 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
| Norway | 30 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| Peru | 28 | 1 | ||
| Poland | 70 | 20 | 1 | |
| Romania | 20 | 11 | ||
| Russia | 254 | 102 | 6 | 3 |
| South Africa | 80 | 10 | 1 | - |
| Spain | 43 | 1 | ||
| Sweden | 20 | 2 | ||
| Ukraine | 1 | |||
| United Kingdom | 192 | 39 | 2 | 5 |
| United States | 1,378 | 248 | 3 | |
| Uruguay | 1 |