Demographics of Iceland
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Iceland, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
As of 2018, the Icelandic population stands at a little over 350,000. 91.1% of the residents of Iceland are Icelandic citizens and 15.7% are foreign-born.
99% of the nation's inhabitants live in urban areas and 60% live in the Capital Region.
History
The population of Iceland since settlement times has probably wavered between about 30,000 and 80,000. Official statistics begin in 1703, since when the population of Iceland has grown from 50,358 to 348,580 in December 2017.Migration
Settlement
Most Icelandic people are descendants of Norwegian settlers, and of Gaels from Ireland and Scotland who were brought over as slaves during the Settlement of Iceland in the ninth century CE. Recent DNA analysis suggests that around 66 percent of the male settler-era population was of Norse ancestry, whereas the female population was 60 percent Celtic. Iceland remained extremely homogenous from Settlement until the twentieth century.Emigration
Large numbers of Icelanders began to emigrate from Iceland in the 1850s. It has been estimated that around 17,000 Icelanders emigrated to North America in the period 1870–1914, with some 2,000 people returning to Iceland. A net total of around 15,000 individuals amount to roughly 20% of the Icelandic population in 1887. According to historian Gunnar Karlsson, "migration from Iceland is unique in that most went to Canada, whereas from most or all other European countries the majority went to the United States. This was partly due to the late beginning of emigration from Iceland after the Canadian authorities had begun to promote emigration in cooperation with the Allan Line, which already had an agent in Iceland in 1873. Contrary to most European countries, this promotion campaign was successful in Iceland, because emigration was only just about to start from there and Icelandic emigrants had no relatives in the United States to help them take the first steps".In the wake of the 2008 Icelandic financial crisis, many Icelanders went to work abroad.
Immigration
There was little immigration to Iceland prior to the 1990s, and during that period was mostly from other Scandinavian countries: around 1% of the population of Iceland in 1900 was of Danish heritage. In the mid-1990s, 95% of Icelanders had parents of Icelandic origin, and 2% of Icelandic inhabitants were first-generation immigrants.Immigration to Iceland rose rapidly in the late twentieth century, encouraged by Iceland's accession to the European Economic Area in 1994, its entry into the Schengen Agreement in 2001, and the country's early twenty-first century economic boom. Iceland's largest ethnic minority comprises Polish immigrants in Iceland. Immigration has also brought significant new ethno-religious groups such as Jewish people, and new minority religions, including Islam. In 2017, 10.6% of the population were first-generation immigrants.
Research on the experience of immigrants to Iceland is in its early days. There is some evidence that racism is not as acute in Iceland as in neighbouring countries. But, while it is popularly believed in Iceland that racism does not exist there, there is evidence that in some respects immigrant populations experience prejudice and inequalities. For example, Iceland has a higher dropout rate from upper secondary school among young immigrants than the EEA average.
| Country | 2010 | 2019 |
| 10,088 | 19,210 | |
| 3,236 | 3,891 | |
| 1,442 | 2,906 | |
| 1,849 | 2,386 | |
| 1,846 | 2,161 | |
| 1,407 | 2,094 | |
| 1,697 | 1,969 | |
| 641 | 1,762 | |
| 1,095 | 1,702 | |
| 205 | 1,536 | |
| 1,062 | 1,375 | |
| 987 | 1,275 | |
| 607 | 993 | |
| 288 | 909 | |
| 479 | 840 | |
| 444 | 835 | |
| 152 | 744 | |
| 481 | 686 | |
| 148 | 657 | |
| 217 | 482 | |
| 228 | 475 | |
| 135 | 473 | |
| 312 | 468 | |
| 153 | 464 | |
| 294 | 452 | |
| 206 | 402 | |
| 298 | 375 | |
| 274 | 357 | |
| 229 | 337 | |
| Other | 4,284 | 9,185 |
| Total immigrant population | 35,117 | 61,401 |
Due to a shortage of labor, immigration to Iceland will most likely increase in the future. Estimates show that the number of immigrants could be as high as 15% of the total population by 2030.
Patronymy
Most Icelandic surnames are based on patronymy, or the adoption of the father's first given name, followed by "son" or "daughter". For example, Magnús and Anna, children of a man named Pétur Jónsson, would have the full name Magnús Pétursson and Anna Pétursdóttir, respectively. Magnús's daughter Sigríður Ásta would be Sigríður Ásta Magnúsdóttir, and would remain so for the rest of her life regardless of marriage. An Icelandic patronymic is essentially only a designation of fatherhood, and is therefore redundant in Icelandic social life except to differentiate people of the same first name the phone directory, for example, lists people by their given name first, patronymic second. Thus it has little in common with traditional surnames except for its position after the given name. It is legally possible in Iceland to rework the patronymic into a matronymic, replacing the father's name with the mother's. Use of the patronymic system is required by law, except for the descendants of those who had acquired family names before 1913. One notable Icelander who has an inherited family name is football star Eiður Smári Guðjohnsen.Urbanisation
According to University of Iceland economists Davíd F. Björnsson and Gylfi Zoega, "The policies of the colonial masters in Copenhagen delayed urbanisation. The Danish king maintained a monopoly in trade with Iceland from 1602 until 1855, which made the price of fish artificially low – the price of fish was higher in Britain – and artificially raised the price of agricultural products. Instead, Denmark bought the fish caught from Iceland at below world market prices. Although the trade monopoly ended in 1787, Icelanders could not trade freely with other countries until 1855. Following trade liberalisation, there was a substantial increase in fish exports to Britain, which led to an increase in the number of sailing ships used in fishing, introduced for the first time in 1780. The growth of the fishing industry then created demand for capital, and in 1885 Parliament created the first state bank. In 1905 came the first motorised fishing vessel, which marked an important step in the development of a specialised fishing industry in Iceland. Iceland exported fresh fish to Britain and salted cod to southern Europe, with Portugal an important export market. Fishing replaced agriculture as the country’s main industry. These developments set the stage for the urbanisation that was to follow in the twentieth century."A 2017 study looking at individuals going to the capital area for higher education found that "Only about one in three students from regions beyond commuting distance return after graduation, while about half remain in the capital area and others mostly emigrate."
Religion
In 2016, 71.6% of the population belonged to the state church, approximately 5% in free churches, 3.7% to the Roman Catholic Church, approximately 1% to the Ásatrúarfélagið, approximately 1% to Zuism, 8% in unrecognized or unspecified religious groups, and 19% do not belong to any religious group.Icelandic National Registry
All living Icelanders, as well as all foreign citizens with permanent residence in Iceland, have a personal identification number identifying them in the National Registry. This number is composed of 10 digits, whereof the first six are made up of the individual's birth date in the format DDMMYY. The next two digits are chosen at random when the kennitala is allocated, the 9th digit is a check digit, and the last digit indicates the period of one hundred years in which the individual was born. An example would be 120192-3389. While similar, all-inclusive personal registries exist in other countries, the use of the national registry is unusually extensive in Iceland. It is worth noting that the completeness of the National Registry eliminates any need for census to be performed.Summary of vital statistics since 1900
Data according to Statistics Iceland, which collects the official statistics for Iceland.| Year | Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Natural change | Total fertility rate |
| 1900 | 78,000 | 2,237 | 1,545 | 692 | 28.6 | 19.8 | 8.9 | 3.93 |
| 1901 | 78,000 | 2,179 | 1,155 | 1,024 | 27.8 | 14.7 | 13.1 | 3.86 |
| 1902 | 79,000 | 2,220 | 1,262 | 958 | 28.1 | 16.0 | 12.1 | 3.95 |
| 1903 | 79,000 | 2,244 | 1,324 | 920 | 28.3 | 16.7 | 11.6 | 4.00 |
| 1904 | 80,000 | 2,293 | 1,242 | 1,051 | 28.7 | 15.5 | 13.1 | 4.09 |
| 1905 | 81,000 | 2,271 | 1,435 | 836 | 28.1 | 17.8 | 10.4 | 4.02 |
| 1906 | 82,000 | 2,346 | 1,193 | 1,153 | 28.8 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 4.14 |
| 1907 | 83,000 | 2,304 | 1,396 | 908 | 27.9 | 16.9 | 11.0 | 4.04 |
| 1908 | 83,000 | 2,270 | 1,594 | 676 | 27.3 | 19.1 | 8.1 | 4.01 |
| 1909 | 84,000 | 2,283 | 1,263 | 1,020 | 27.2 | 15.0 | 12.1 | 4.00 |
| 1910 | 85,000 | 2,171 | 1,304 | 867 | 25.6 | 15.4 | 10.2 | 3.79 |
| 1911 | 85,000 | 2,205 | 1,152 | 1,053 | 25.8 | 13.5 | 12.3 | 3.80 |
| 1912 | 86,000 | 2,234 | 1,171 | 1,063 | 26.0 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 3.82 |
| 1913 | 87,000 | 2,216 | 1,060 | 1,156 | 25.6 | 12.2 | 13.3 | 3.76 |
| 1914 | 88,000 | 2,338 | 1,428 | 910 | 26.7 | 16.3 | 10.4 | 3.90 |
| 1915 | 89,000 | 2,446 | 1,376 | 1,070 | 27.6 | 15.5 | 12.1 | 4.00 |
| 1916 | 89,000 | 2,377 | 1,322 | 1,055 | 26.6 | 14.8 | 11.8 | 3.81 |
| 1917 | 91,000 | 2,427 | 1,111 | 1,316 | 26.8 | 12.3 | 14.5 | 3.82 |
| 1918 | 92,000 | 2,441 | 1,518 | 923 | 26.6 | 16.6 | 10.1 | 3.78 |
| 1919 | 92,000 | 2,342 | 1,169 | 1,173 | 25.4 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 3.62 |
| 1920 | 94,000 | 2,627 | 1,360 | 1,267 | 28.1 | 14.5 | 13.5 | 3.96 |
| 1921 | 95,000 | 2,601 | 1,478 | 1,123 | 27.4 | 15.6 | 11.8 | 3.87 |
| 1922 | 96,000 | 2,546 | 1,280 | 1,266 | 26.6 | 13.4 | 13.2 | 3.72 |
| 1923 | 97,000 | 2,612 | 1,287 | 1,325 | 26.9 | 13.3 | 13.7 | 3.77 |
| 1924 | 98,000 | 2,525 | 1,462 | 1,063 | 25.7 | 14.9 | 10.8 | 3.62 |
| 1925 | 99,000 | 2,554 | 1,229 | 1,325 | 25.7 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 3.59 |
| 1926 | 101,000 | 2,676 | 1,121 | 1,555 | 26.5 | 11.1 | 15.4 | 3.71 |
| 1927 | 103,000 | 2,642 | 1,282 | 1,360 | 25.8 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 3.59 |
| 1928 | 104,000 | 2,542 | 1,124 | 1,418 | 24.4 | 10.8 | 13.6 | 3.40 |
| 1929 | 106,000 | 2,644 | 1,237 | 1,407 | 25.0 | 11.7 | 13.3 | 3.47 |
| 1930 | 107,000 | 2,808 | 1,248 | 1,560 | 26.1 | 11.6 | 14.5 | 3.59 |
| 1931 | 109,000 | 2,804 | 1,277 | 1,527 | 25.7 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 3.53 |
| 1932 | 111,000 | 2,696 | 1,191 | 1,505 | 24.4 | 10.8 | 13.6 | 3.31 |
| 1933 | 112,000 | 2,531 | 1,159 | 1,372 | 22.5 | 10.3 | 12.2 | 3.07 |
| 1934 | 114,000 | 2,597 | 1,181 | 1,416 | 22.8 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 3.10 |
| 1935 | 115,000 | 2,551 | 1,402 | 1,149 | 22.1 | 12.2 | 10.0 | 2.99 |
| 1936 | 116,000 | 2,557 | 1,253 | 1,304 | 22.0 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 2.98 |
| 1937 | 117,000 | 2,397 | 1,317 | 1,080 | 20.4 | 11.2 | 9.2 | 2.78 |
| 1938 | 118,000 | 2,374 | 1,207 | 1,167 | 20.1 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 2.71 |
| 1939 | 120,000 | 2,363 | 1,160 | 1,203 | 19.8 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 2.68 |
| 1940 | 121,000 | 2,480 | 1,200 | 1,280 | 20.5 | 9.9 | 10.6 | 2.75 |
| 1941 | 122,000 | 2,634 | 1,352 | 1,282 | 21.6 | 11.1 | 10.5 | 2.91 |
| 1942 | 123,000 | 3,005 | 1,293 | 1,712 | 24.4 | 10.5 | 13.9 | 3.26 |
| 1943 | 125,000 | 3,173 | 1,268 | 1,905 | 25.4 | 10.1 | 15.2 | 3.36 |
| 1944 | 127,000 | 3,213 | 1,218 | 1,995 | 25.3 | 9.6 | 15.7 | 3.34 |
| 1945 | 129,000 | 3,434 | 1,179 | 2,255 | 26.6 | 9.1 | 17.5 | 3.55 |
| 1946 | 132,000 | 3,434 | 1,121 | 2,313 | 26.1 | 8.5 | 17.6 | 3.47 |
| 1947 | 134,000 | 3,703 | 1,162 | 2,541 | 27.6 | 8.6 | 18.9 | 3.67 |
| 1948 | 137,000 | 3,821 | 1,114 | 2,707 | 27.8 | 8.1 | 19.7 | 3.72 |
| 1949 | 140,000 | 3,884 | 1,106 | 2,778 | 27.8 | 7.9 | 19.9 | 3.73 |
| 1950 | 143,000 | 4,093 | 1,122 | 2,971 | 28.7 | 7.9 | 20.8 | 3.86 |
| 1951 | 145,000 | 3,999 | 1,145 | 2,854 | 27.5 | 7.9 | 19.6 | 3.72 |
| 1952 | 148,000 | 4,075 | 1,082 | 2,993 | 27.5 | 7.3 | 20.2 | 3.79 |
| 1953 | 151,000 | 4,254 | 1,118 | 3,136 | 28.1 | 7.4 | 20.7 | 3.94 |
| 1954 | 154,000 | 4,281 | 1,064 | 3,217 | 27.7 | 6.9 | 20.8 | 3.91 |
| 1955 | 158,000 | 4,505 | 1,099 | 3,406 | 28.5 | 7.0 | 21.6 | 4.07 |
| 1956 | 161,000 | 4,603 | 1,153 | 3,450 | 28.5 | 7.1 | 21.4 | 4.14 |
| 1957 | 165,000 | 4,725 | 1,157 | 3,568 | 28.6 | 7.0 | 21.6 | 4.20 |
| 1958 | 168,000 | 4,641 | 1,165 | 3,476 | 27.5 | 6.9 | 20.6 | 4.09 |
| 1959 | 172,000 | 4,837 | 1,242 | 3,595 | 28.1 | 7.2 | 20.9 | 4.24 |
| 1960 | 176,000 | 4,916 | 1,167 | 3,749 | 28.0 | 6.6 | 21.3 | 4.29 |
| 1961 | 179,000 | 4,563 | 1,248 | 3,315 | 25.5 | 7.0 | 18.5 | 3.88 |
| 1962 | 182,000 | 4,711 | 1,237 | 3,474 | 25.9 | 6.8 | 19.1 | 3.98 |
| 1963 | 186,000 | 4,820 | 1,327 | 3,493 | 26.0 | 7.2 | 18.8 | 4.02 |
| 1964 | 189,000 | 4,787 | 1,315 | 3,472 | 25.3 | 7.0 | 18.4 | 3.87 |
| 1965 | 192,000 | 4,721 | 1,291 | 3,430 | 24.6 | 6.7 | 17.8 | 3.73 |
| 1966 | 196,000 | 4,692 | 1,391 | 3,301 | 24.0 | 7.1 | 16.9 | 3.60 |
| 1967 | 199,000 | 4,404 | 1,385 | 3,019 | 22.2 | 7.0 | 15.2 | 3.28 |
| 1968 | 201,000 | 4,227 | 1,390 | 2,837 | 21.0 | 6.9 | 14.1 | 3.06 |
| 1969 | 203,000 | 4,218 | 1,451 | 2,767 | 20.8 | 7.2 | 13.6 | 2.99 |
| 1970 | 204,000 | 4,023 | 1,457 | 2,566 | 19.7 | 7.1 | 12.6 | 2.79 |
| 1971 | 206,000 | 4,277 | 1,501 | 2,776 | 20.8 | 7.3 | 13.5 | 2.86 |
| 1972 | 209,000 | 4,676 | 1,447 | 3,229 | 22.3 | 6.9 | 15.4 | 3.09 |
| 1973 | 212,000 | 4,598 | 1,475 | 3,123 | 21.7 | 6.9 | 14.7 | 2.95 |
| 1974 | 215,000 | 4,276 | 1,495 | 2,781 | 19.9 | 6.9 | 12.9 | 2.66 |
| 1975 | 218,000 | 4,384 | 1,412 | 2,972 | 20.1 | 6.5 | 13.6 | 2.71 |
| 1976 | 220,000 | 4,291 | 1,343 | 2,948 | 19.5 | 6.1 | 13.4 | 2.53 |
| 1977 | 222,000 | 3,996 | 1,435 | 2,561 | 18.0 | 6.5 | 11.5 | 2.32 |
| 1978 | 224,000 | 4,162 | 1,421 | 2,741 | 18.6 | 6.4 | 12.3 | 2.36 |
| 1979 | 226,000 | 4,475 | 1,482 | 2,993 | 19.8 | 6.6 | 13.3 | 2.49 |
| 1980 | 228,000 | 4,528 | 1,538 | 2,990 | 19.8 | 6.7 | 13.1 | 2.49 |
| 1981 | 231,000 | 4,345 | 1,656 | 2,689 | 18.8 | 7.2 | 11.7 | 2.33 |
| 1982 | 234,000 | 4,337 | 1,583 | 2,754 | 18.5 | 6.8 | 11.8 | 2.26 |
| 1983 | 237,000 | 4,371 | 1,653 | 2,718 | 18.4 | 7.0 | 11.5 | 2.24 |
| 1984 | 240,000 | 4,113 | 1,584 | 2,529 | 17.2 | 6.6 | 10.6 | 2.08 |
| 1985 | 241,000 | 3,856 | 1,652 | 2,204 | 16.0 | 6.8 | 9.1 | 1.93 |
| 1986 | 243,000 | 3,881 | 1,598 | 2,283 | 16.0 | 6.6 | 9.4 | 1.92 |
| 1987 | 246,000 | 4,193 | 1,724 | 2,469 | 17.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 2.05 |
| 1988 | 250,000 | 4,673 | 1,818 | 2,855 | 18.7 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 2.20 |
| 1989 | 253,000 | 4,560 | 1,716 | 2,844 | 18.0 | 6.8 | 11.3 | 2.17 |
| 1990 | 255,000 | 4,768 | 1,704 | 3,064 | 18.7 | 6.7 | 12.0 | 2.30 |
| 1991 | 258,000 | 4,533 | 1,796 | 2,737 | 17.6 | 7.0 | 10.6 | 2.19 |
| 1992 | 261,000 | 4,609 | 1,719 | 2,890 | 17.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 2.21 |
| 1993 | 264,000 | 4,623 | 1,753 | 2,870 | 17.5 | 6.6 | 10.9 | 2.22 |
| 1994 | 266,000 | 4,442 | 1,718 | 2,725 | 16.7 | 6.5 | 10.2 | 2.14 |
| 1995 | 267,000 | 4,280 | 1,923 | 2,357 | 16.0 | 7.2 | 8.8 | 2.08 |
| 1996 | 269,000 | 4,329 | 1,879 | 2,450 | 16.1 | 7.0 | 9.1 | 2.13 |
| 1997 | 271,000 | 4,151 | 1,844 | 2,308 | 15.3 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 2.04 |
| 1998 | 274,000 | 4,178 | 1,821 | 2,357 | 15.2 | 6.6 | 8.6 | 2.04 |
| 1999 | 277,000 | 4,100 | 1,901 | 2,199 | 14.8 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 1.99 |
| 2000 | 281,000 | 4,315 | 1,828 | 2,492 | 15.3 | 6.5 | 8.9 | 2.076 |
| 2001 | 285,000 | 4,091 | 1,725 | 2,366 | 14.4 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 1.948 |
| 2002 | 288,000 | 4,049 | 1,821 | 2,228 | 14.1 | 6.3 | 7.7 | 1.932 |
| 2003 | 290,000 | 4,143 | 1,827 | 2,316 | 14.3 | 6.3 | 8.0 | 1.990 |
| 2004 | 292,000 | 4,234 | 1,824 | 2,410 | 14.5 | 6.2 | 8.3 | 2.033 |
| 2005 | 297,000 | 4,280 | 1,838 | 2,442 | 14.4 | 6.2 | 8.2 | 2.052 |
| 2006 | 304,000 | 4,415 | 1,903 | 2,512 | 14.5 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 2.074 |
| 2007 | 312,000 | 4,560 | 1,943 | 2,617 | 14.6 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 2.094 |
| 2008 | 317,000 | 4,835 | 1,987 | 2,244 | 14.2 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 2.140 |
| 2009 | 318,000 | 5,026 | 2,002 | 3,024 | 15.7 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 2.221 |
| 2010 | 318,000 | 4,907 | 2,020 | 2,887 | 15.5 | 6.4 | 9.1 | 2.197 |
| 2011 | 319,000 | 4,492 | 1,986 | 2,511 | 14.1 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 2.017 |
| 2012 | 320,000 | 4,533 | 1,955 | 2,573 | 14.2 | 6.1 | 8.1 | 2.037 |
| 2013 | 322,000 | 4,326 | 2,154 | 2,172 | 13.4 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 1.932 |
| 2014 | 326,000 | 4,375 | 2,049 | 2,326 | 13.5 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 1.932 |
| 2015 | 329,000 | 4,129 | 2,178 | 1,951 | 12.6 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 1.805 |
| 2016 | 333,000 | 4,034 | 2,309 | 1,676 | 12.1 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 1.745 |
| 2017 | 338,000 | 4,071 | 2,238 | 1,832 | 12.0 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 1.710 |
| 2018 | 348,000 | 4,228 | 2,254 | 1,990 | 12.1 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 1.707 |
| 2019 | 357,000 | 4,452 | 2,275 | 2,177 | 12.4 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 1.745 |
Current natural increase
- Births from January–June 2019 = 2,060
- Births from January–June 2020 = 2,170
- Deaths from January–June 2019 = 1,090
- Deaths from January–June 2020 = 1,170
- Natural increase from January–June 2019 = 970
- Natural increase from January–June 2020 = 1,000
Population projection
Life expectancy
Source: UN World Population ProspectsCIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.;Age structure:
0–14 years:
20.4%
15–24 years:
13.5%
25–54 years:
39.88%
55–64:
11.81%
65 years and over:
14.42%
;Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.05 males: 1 female
under 15 years:
1.05 males: 1 female
15–24 years:
1.03 males: 1 female
25–54 years:
1.02 males: 1 female
55–64 years:
1.01 males: 1 female
65 years and over:
0.88 males: 1 female
total population:
1.01 male: 1 female
;Maternal mortality rate:
3 deaths/100,000 live births
;Infant mortality rate:
2.1 deaths/1,000 live births
;Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
83.0 years
male:
80.9 years
female:
85.3 years
;Health expenditures:
8.9% of GDP
;Physicians density:
3.79 physicians/1,000 population
;Obesity adult prevalence rate:
23.9%
;Education expenditures:
7.8% of GDP
;Mother's mean age at first birth:
27.4
;Nationality:
noun:
Icelander
adjective:
Icelandic
;Ethnic groups:
94% Icelandic,
6% other
;Religions:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland 69.9%, Roman Catholic 3.8%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.9%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 2%, Asatru Association 1.1%, The Independent Congregation 1%, other religions 4%, none 6.1%, other or unspecified 9.2%
;Languages:
Icelandic