Demographics of Luxembourg
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Luxembourg, including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The following is an overview of the demographics of Luxembourg. Demographic topics include basic statistics, most populous cities, and religious affiliation.
The population of Luxembourg as of 1 January 2020 was 626,108.
The people of Luxembourg are called Luxembourgers.
Vital statistics since 1900
The following table chronicles factors such as population, birth rates, and death rates in Luxembourg since 1900.| Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Natural change | Fertility rates | |
| 1900 | 234,000 | 7,037 | 5,109 | 1,928 | 30.1 | 21.9 | 8.2 | - |
| 1901 | 236,000 | 7,444 | 4,300 | 3,144 | 31.5 | 18.2 | 13.3 | - |
| 1902 | 238,000 | 7,416 | 4,460 | 2,956 | 31.1 | 18.7 | 12.4 | - |
| 1903 | 241,000 | 7,279 | 4,686 | 2,593 | 30.3 | 19.5 | 10.8 | - |
| 1904 | 243,000 | 7,535 | 4,952 | 2,583 | 31.0 | 20.4 | 10.6 | - |
| 1905 | 245,000 | 7,431 | 4,851 | 2,580 | 30.3 | 19.8 | 10.5 | - |
| 1906 | 248,000 | 7,516 | 4,844 | 2,672 | 30.3 | 19.6 | 10.8 | - |
| 1907 | 250,000 | 7,738 | 4,482 | 3,256 | 30.9 | 17.9 | 13.0 | - |
| 1908 | 253,000 | 7,639 | 4,933 | 2,706 | 30.2 | 19.5 | 10.7 | - |
| 1909 | 256,000 | 7,264 | 4,752 | 2,512 | 28.4 | 18.6 | 9.8 | - |
| 1910 | 258,000 | 7,065 | 4,321 | 2,744 | 27.4 | 16.7 | 10.6 | - |
| 1911 | 260,000 | 7,126 | 4,892 | 2,234 | 27.4 | 18.8 | 8.6 | - |
| 1912 | 262,000 | 7,051 | 4,556 | 2,495 | 26.9 | 17.4 | 9.5 | - |
| 1913 | 264,000 | 7,009 | 4,383 | 2,626 | 26.5 | 16.6 | 9.9 | - |
| 1914 | 266,000 | 6,781 | 4,446 | 2,335 | 25.5 | 16.7 | 8.8 | - |
| 1915 | 265,000 | 5,701 | 4,126 | 1,575 | 21.5 | 15.6 | 5.9 | - |
| 1916 | 264,000 | 4,958 | 4,246 | 712 | 18.8 | 16.1 | 2.7 | - |
| 1917 | 263,000 | 4,516 | 4,730 | -214 | 17.1 | 18.0 | -0.8 | - |
| 1918 | 263,000 | 4,413 | 5,611 | -1,198 | 16.8 | 21.4 | -4.6 | - |
| 1919 | 262,000 | 4,638 | 4,627 | 11 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 0.0 | - |
| 1920 | 261,000 | 5,621 | 3,404 | 2,217 | 21.6 | 13.1 | 8.5 | - |
| 1921 | 261,000 | 5,494 | 3,444 | 2,050 | 21.1 | 13.2 | 7.9 | - |
| 1922 | 262,000 | 5,094 | 3,538 | 1,556 | 19.5 | 13.5 | 5.9 | - |
| 1923 | 263,000 | 5,468 | 3,581 | 1,887 | 20.8 | 13.6 | 7.2 | - |
| 1924 | 266,000 | 5,369 | 3,421 | 1,948 | 20.2 | 12.9 | 7.3 | - |
| 1925 | 268,000 | 5,619 | 3,791 | 1,828 | 21.0 | 14.1 | 6.8 | - |
| 1926 | 270,000 | 5,639 | 4,100 | 1,539 | 20.9 | 15.2 | 5.7 | - |
| 1927 | 278,000 | 5,864 | 3,909 | 1,955 | 21.1 | 14.1 | 7.0 | - |
| 1928 | 287,000 | 6,114 | 4,017 | 2,097 | 21.3 | 14.0 | 7.3 | - |
| 1929 | 292,000 | 6,210 | 4,553 | 1,657 | 21.3 | 15.6 | 5.7 | - |
| 1930 | 297,000 | 6,377 | 3,876 | 2,501 | 21.4 | 13.0 | 8.4 | - |
| 1931 | 300,000 | 5,988 | 3,971 | 2,017 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 6.7 | - |
| 1932 | 299,000 | 5,295 | 3,949 | 1,346 | 17.7 | 13.2 | 4.5 | - |
| 1933 | 298,000 | 4,895 | 3,725 | 1,170 | 16.4 | 12.5 | 3.9 | - |
| 1934 | 298,000 | 4,665 | 3,535 | 1,130 | 15.7 | 11.9 | 3.8 | - |
| 1935 | 297,000 | 4,523 | 3,740 | 783 | 15.2 | 12.6 | 2.6 | - |
| 1936 | 298,000 | 4,514 | 3,433 | 1,081 | 15.2 | 11.5 | 3.6 | - |
| 1937 | 299,000 | 4,514 | 3,555 | 959 | 15.1 | 11.9 | 3.2 | - |
| 1938 | 301,000 | 4,486 | 3,811 | 675 | 14.9 | 12.7 | 2.2 | - |
| 1939 | 300,000 | 4,511 | 3,804 | 707 | 15.0 | 12.7 | 2.4 | - |
| 1940 | 296,000 | 3,959 | 3,580 | 379 | 13.4 | 12.1 | 1.3 | - |
| 1941 | 292,000 | 4,029 | 4,065 | -36 | 13.8 | 13.9 | -0.1 | - |
| 1942 | 290,000 | 4,506 | 4,220 | 286 | 15.6 | 14.6 | 1.0 | - |
| 1943 | 289,000 | 4,277 | 4,437 | -160 | 14.8 | 15.4 | -0.6 | - |
| 1944 | 285,000 | 4,128 | 5,406 | -1,278 | 14.5 | 18.9 | -4.5 | - |
| 1945 | 284,000 | 3,775 | 4,585 | -810 | 13.3 | 16.2 | -2.9 | - |
| 1946 | 286,000 | 4,263 | 3,525 | 738 | 14.9 | 12.3 | 2.6 | - |
| 1947 | 289,000 | 4,178 | 3,548 | 630 | 14.5 | 12.3 | 2.2 | - |
| 1948 | 292,000 | 4,162 | 3,400 | 762 | 14.3 | 11.6 | 2.6 | - |
| 1949 | 294,000 | 4,026 | 3,676 | 350 | 13.7 | 12.5 | 1.2 | - |
| 1950 | 296,000 | 4,116 | 3,401 | 715 | 13.9 | 11.5 | 2.4 | - |
| 1951 | 297,000 | 4,176 | 3,456 | 720 | 14.0 | 11.6 | 2.4 | - |
| 1952 | 299,000 | 4,535 | 3,557 | 978 | 15.2 | 11.9 | 3.3 | - |
| 1953 | 301,000 | 4,565 | 3,737 | 828 | 15.2 | 12.4 | 2.7 | - |
| 1954 | 303,000 | 4,713 | 3,421 | 1,292 | 15.6 | 11.3 | 4.3 | - |
| 1955 | 305,000 | 4,962 | 3,453 | 1,509 | 16.3 | 11.3 | 5.0 | - |
| 1956 | 307,000 | 4,833 | 3,878 | 955 | 15.8 | 12.6 | 3.1 | 2.08 |
| 1957 | 309,000 | 4,954 | 3,811 | 1,143 | 16.1 | 12.4 | 3.7 | 2.13 |
| 1958 | 310,000 | 4,959 | 3,512 | 1,447 | 16.0 | 11.3 | 4.7 | 2.13 |
| 1959 | 312,000 | 5,037 | 3,607 | 1,430 | 16.1 | 11.6 | 4.6 | 2.16 |
| 1960 | 314,000 | 5,019 | 3,716 | 1,303 | 16.0 | 11.8 | 4.1 | 2.37 |
| 1961 | 317,000 | 5,112 | 3,616 | 1,496 | 16.1 | 11.4 | 4.7 | 2.42 |
| 1962 | 321,000 | 5,137 | 4,037 | 1,100 | 16.0 | 12.6 | 3.4 | 2.41 |
| 1963 | 324,000 | 5,112 | 3,929 | 1,183 | 15.8 | 12.1 | 3.7 | 2.37 |
| 1964 | 328,000 | 5,229 | 3,857 | 1,372 | 16.0 | 11.8 | 4.2 | 2.40 |
| 1965 | 332,000 | 5,297 | 4,057 | 1,240 | 16.0 | 12.2 | 3.7 | 2.39 |
| 1966 | 334,000 | 5,194 | 4,133 | 1,061 | 15.6 | 12.4 | 3.2 | 2.36 |
| 1967 | 335,000 | 4,957 | 4,166 | 791 | 14.8 | 12.4 | 2.4 | 2.25 |
| 1968 | 336,000 | 4,780 | 4,138 | 642 | 14.2 | 12.3 | 1.9 | 2.14 |
| 1969 | 338,000 | 4,503 | 4,202 | 301 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 0.9 | 2.03 |
| 1970 | 339,000 | 4,476 | 4,168 | 308 | 13.2 | 12.3 | 0.9 | 1.97 |
| 1971 | 342,000 | 4,512 | 4,416 | 96 | 13.2 | 12.9 | 0.3 | 1.96 |
| 1972 | 347,000 | 4,138 | 4,120 | 18 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 0.1 | 1.75 |
| 1973 | 351,000 | 3,847 | 4,184 | -337 | 11.0 | 11.9 | -1.0 | 1.58 |
| 1974 | 355,000 | 3,925 | 4,291 | -366 | 11.1 | 12.1 | -1.0 | 1.57 |
| 1975 | 359,000 | 3,997 | 4,376 | -379 | 11.1 | 12.2 | -1.1 | 1.55 |
| 1976 | 361,000 | 3,915 | 4,507 | -592 | 10.8 | 12.5 | -1.6 | 1.48 |
| 1977 | 362,000 | 4,053 | 4,083 | -30 | 11.2 | 11.3 | -0.1 | 1.49 |
| 1978 | 362,000 | 4,072 | 4,187 | -115 | 11.2 | 11.6 | -0.3 | 1.47 |
| 1979 | 363,000 | 4,078 | 3,985 | 93 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 0.3 | 1.47 |
| 1980 | 364,000 | 4,169 | 4,113 | 56 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 0.2 | 1.50 |
| 1981 | 365,000 | 4,414 | 4,105 | 309 | 12.1 | 11.2 | 0.8 | 1.55 |
| 1982 | 366,000 | 4,300 | 4,133 | 167 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 0.5 | 1.49 |
| 1983 | 366,000 | 4,185 | 4,129 | 56 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 0.2 | 1.44 |
| 1984 | 366,000 | 4,192 | 4,072 | 120 | 11.5 | 11.1 | 0.3 | 1.42 |
| 1985 | 367,000 | 4,104 | 4,027 | 77 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 0.2 | 1.38 |
| 1986 | 368,000 | 4,309 | 3,970 | 339 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 0.9 | 1.44 |
| 1987 | 371,000 | 4,238 | 4,012 | 226 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 0.6 | 1.39 |
| 1988 | 374,000 | 4,603 | 3,840 | 763 | 12.3 | 10.3 | 2.0 | 1.51 |
| 1989 | 378,000 | 4,665 | 3,984 | 681 | 12.4 | 10.6 | 1.8 | 1.52 |
| 1990 | 382,000 | 4,936 | 3,773 | 1,163 | 12.9 | 9.9 | 3.0 | 1.62 |
| 1991 | 387,000 | 4,986 | 3,744 | 1,242 | 12.9 | 9.7 | 3.2 | 1.60 |
| 1992 | 392,000 | 5,149 | 4,022 | 1,127 | 13.1 | 10.3 | 2.9 | 1.67 |
| 1993 | 397,000 | 5,353 | 3,915 | 1,438 | 13.5 | 9.8 | 3.6 | 1.69 |
| 1994 | 403,000 | 5,451 | 3,800 | 1,651 | 13.5 | 9.4 | 4.1 | 1.72 |
| 1995 | 409,000 | 5,421 | 3,797 | 1,624 | 13.3 | 9.3 | 4.0 | 1.67 |
| 1996 | 414,000 | 5,689 | 3,895 | 1,794 | 13.7 | 9.4 | 4.3 | 1.76 |
| 1997 | 419,000 | 5,503 | 3,937 | 1,566 | 13.1 | 9.4 | 3.7 | 1.71 |
| 1998 | 425,000 | 5,386 | 3,901 | 1,485 | 12.7 | 9.2 | 3.5 | 1.67 |
| 1999 | 430,000 | 5,582 | 3,793 | 1,789 | 13.0 | 8.8 | 4.2 | 1.71 |
| 2000 | 436,000 | 5,723 | 3,754 | 1,969 | 13.1 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 1.78 |
| 2001 | 442,000 | 5,459 | 3,719 | 1,740 | 12.4 | 8.4 | 3.9 | 1.66 |
| 2002 | 446,000 | 5,345 | 3,744 | 1,601 | 12.0 | 8.4 | 3.6 | 1.63 |
| 2003 | 452,000 | 5,303 | 4,053 | 1,250 | 11.7 | 9.0 | 2.8 | 1.62 |
| 2004 | 458,000 | 5,452 | 3,578 | 1,874 | 11.9 | 7.8 | 4.1 | 1.66 |
| 2005 | 465,000 | 5,371 | 3,621 | 1,750 | 11.5 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 1.62 |
| 2006 | 473,000 | 5,514 | 3,766 | 1,748 | 11.7 | 8.0 | 3.7 | 1.64 |
| 2007 | 480,000 | 5,477 | 3,866 | 1,611 | 11.4 | 8.1 | 3.4 | 1.61 |
| 2008 | 489,000 | 5,596 | 3,595 | 2,001 | 11.5 | 7.4 | 4.1 | 1.60 |
| 2009 | 498,000 | 5,638 | 3,657 | 1,982 | 11.3 | 7.3 | 4.0 | 1.59 |
| 2010 | 507,000 | 5,874 | 3,760 | 2,114 | 11.6 | 7.4 | 4.2 | 1.63 |
| 2011 | 518,000 | 5,639 | 3,819 | 1,820 | 10.9 | 7.4 | 3.5 | 1.51 |
| 2012 | 531,000 | 6,026 | 3,876 | 2,150 | 11.4 | 7.3 | 4.1 | 1.57 |
| 2013 | 543,000 | 6,115 | 3,822 | 2,293 | 11.2 | 7.0 | 4.2 | 1.55 |
| 2014 | 556,000 | 6,070 | 3,841 | 2,229 | 10.9 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 1.50 |
| 2015 | 576,000 | 6,115 | 3,983 | 2,132 | 10.9 | 7.0 | 3.9 | 1.47 |
| 2016 | 590,000 | 6,050 | 3,967 | 2,083 | 10.4 | 6.8 | 3.6 | 1.40 |
| 2017 | 602,000 | 6,174 | 4,263 | 1,911 | 10.4 | 7.1 | 3.3 | 1.39 |
| 2018 | 608,000 | 6,274 | 4,318 | 1,956 | 10.3 | 7.1 | 3.2 | 1.38 |
| 2019 | 620,000 | 6,230 | 4,283 | 1,947 | 10.0 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 1.34 |
Life expectancy
Source: UN World Population ProspectsPopulation in Luxembourg
The foreign population resident in Luxembourg currently numbers over 296,465, corresponding to 47.4% of the total population. That means there are currently almost as many immigrants as there are native citizens. These immigrants are overwhelmingly nationals of EU countries, by far the greater part of whom originally come from Portugal, Italy and the two neighbouring countries, France and Belgium. For some years, there has also been a large increase in the number of immigrants and asylum seekers from the countries of Eastern Europe, and especially the new republics to have emerged from the former Yugoslavia. These immigrants include a considerable proportion of young people. Immigrants have a strong impact on the birth rate, accounting for nearly 50% of births in Luxembourg.A more detailed breakdown by nationality shows that the Portuguese community is still the largest group, accounting for almost a third of the foreign population. The Italian population has been stable for the past ten years at approximately 20,000. Some 80,000 foreigners come from bordering countries.
As of 2020 the population of Russian nationals in Luxembourg is 1,857. Luxembourg Russian Saturday school, Kalinka, serves students ages 3–12 and includes Russian language and cultural classes. In 2014, there were 160 students and 22 teachers in the school.
The Japanese Supplementary School in Luxembourg is a Japanese supplementary school operated in the country, serving students ages 6–15. It is held at the International School Luxembourg and as of 2014 has about 60 students. Its operations at the ISL began in 1991.
Religious affiliation
The predominant religion of the Luxembourg population is Roman Catholic, with Protestant, Anglican, Jewish and Muslim minorities. According to a 1979 law, the government forbids collection of data on religious practices, but over 90% is estimated to be baptized Catholic.The Lutherans are the largest Protestant denomination in the country. Muslims are estimated to number approximately 6000 persons, notably including 1,500 refugees from Montenegro; Orthodox adherents are estimated to number approximately 5,000 persons, along with approximately 1,000 Jews. Freedom of religion is provided by the Luxembourg Constitution.
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.Age structure
- 0–14 years: 18.9%
- 15–64 years: 67%
- 65 years and over: 14.1%
Immigration|Net migration rate
Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.07 male/female
- under 15 years: 1.06 male/female
- 15–64 years: 1.01 male/female
- 65 years and over: 0.67 male/female
- total population: 0.97 male/female
Infant mortality rate
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 79.03 years
- male: 75.76 years
- female: 82.52 years
Total fertility rate
HIV/AIDS
- HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate: 0.16%
- HIV/AIDS deaths: fewer than 100
Languages
The following table lists the percentage of citizens of Luxembourg who are able to speak a native language, or two or more languages.
| Luxembourgish | French | German | English | other | |
| Native language | 77% | 6% | 4% | 1% | 12% |
| Second language | 13% | 90% | 88% | 60% | |
| Combined | 90% | 96% | 92% | 61% |
Additionally, people born in foreign countries and temporary guest workers make up more than a third of the population of Luxembourg. Although most of these foreign born people primarily speak German and French, a significant minority also are native Portuguese, Italian, and English.