Dhimalish languages


The Dhimalish languages, Dhimal and Toto, are a small group of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, and the Jalpaiguri division of West Bengal, India.

Classification

Hammarström, et al. note in Glottolog that Dhimalish is best considered to be a separate Sino-Tibetan branch rather than as a subgroup of Brahmaputran, and consider Dhimalish as failing to show sufficient Brahmaputran diagnostic vocabulary. Sotrug considers Dhimalish to be particularly closely related to the Kiranti languages rather than to the Sal languages.
Grollmann & Gerber consider Lhokpu to have a particularly close relationship with Dhimal and Toto.
Gerber & Grollmann group Dhimal, Toto, and Lhokpu within Central-Eastern Kiranti.

Comparative vocabulary

Sanyal provides a comparative word list of Toto from Sunder and George Abraham Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India, and Dhimal from Brian Houghton Hodgson.
English glossToto Toto Dhimal Page no.
airbingah--77
ass-pangbu-77
brotherehapu; eyolla77
belly-pa-mahemang77
back-ju-magandi77
brinjalbengini--77
bird-bakhijiha77
behind-no-77
bloodviti--77
beat-sapu-77
before-dongangta-77
bullockpekah-dambe--77
catminkiminkidankha-menko77
cockodangpakekadhangai-kai77
come quicklyto-to-wa-wangle-ledhi-dhi77
cow-pikamahani-pia77
daughtermemi-chengchai-mechamdi77
devil-jishang-77
duckhangsahangsahangs77
die-sipunasili77
dogkiakiakhia77
down-lijuing-77
doorlafoong-duar77
eat-charchabi77
eyemichu-mi77
eyebrowmimu--77
elephanthati--77
elder sisteranna--77
eveningjilong--78
earnanoong-naha-thong78
far-hinda-mina-78
firemehmeguemau78
foreheadting-ang--78
foottang-ba-kokoi78
fatherappaapaaba78
of father-apak-78
two fathers-apa-nisa-78
fishngya--78
feverhaina--78
good-entana-78
give-picha-78
girlchame--78
god-iswal-78
go northenta-vatu--78
go eastnuta-vatu--78
go southleta-vatu--78
go westdita-vatu--78
govatu; hatuchhapurhadeli78
hairpuringpuringposhom78
he--wa78
he-goatedang--78
horseonyahaia-78
high-hinda-nina-78
handkooekuikhur78
hisuko-oko, wang78
headpudungpudangpurin78
house-sasa78
Ikug-vekateka78
iron-chakachir78
jackfruitdangse--79
jungle bamboo---79
lipsmegoe--79
legkok-koi-khokoi79
limechurai--79
man-deyawaved79
motheraeuaioamma79
mouthnoohgung--79
monkeynokka--79
milkyoti--79
moontaritaritali79
morninghabkong--79
nosenabboh--79
nailskushing--79
near-abeto-79
nightlishong--79
no-ma-koe-79
orangesantra--79
ourkongo-king79
pigpakka--79
pan leafparai--79
plantaineungpi--79
plantain treeeungpi--79
paddymabe--79
rivertihana--79
rainvathi--79
riceunku--79
rice-beereu--79
run-tui-79
rupeetanka--79
sister-ingrima79
sunsanichhanibela79
sonchungchao, chaoachau79
stand-lo-lo-79
starpuima--79
saltngi--80
sit-iyungyongli80
tigerkoogah--80
thighvybe--80
thou-na-ga-80
treesinge--80
toothshitang-sitong80
tonguelebek-detong80
up-jujuntaye-80
watertitichi80
we-na-tekyel80
woman-mem-bibeval80
wife-mebe80
who-hajeti-siti80
why-ha-rangahaipali80
younger sistering--80
yes-kehe80
younaga-nye80
1eoochee-long80
2nih-hunegne-long80
3soongusungsum-long80
4diujidia-long80
5ngyungana-long80
6tuututu-long80
7niudunnhu-long80
8yauge, neye-long80
9kuugukuha-long80
10thauchu-tambate-long80
20chunisonisae-long-bisha81
100nakainga-kaina-long-bisha81