Worldwide, legislation concerning the effect and validity of electronic signatures, including, but not limited to, cryptographic digital signatures, includes:
Argentina
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Bermuda
Brazil
- Brazilian law states that any digital document is valid for the law if it is certified by ICP-Brasil or if it is certified by other PKI and the concerned parties agree as to the validity of the document.
Canada
- Canadian law distinguishes between the generic "electronic signature" and the "secure electronic signature". Federal make it clear that a secure electronic signature is a digital signature created and verified in a specific manner. Canada's contains evidentiary presumptions about both the integrity and validity of electronic documents with attached secure electronic signatures, and of the authenticity of the secure electronic signatures themselves.
China
- The stated purposes include standardizing the conduct of electronic signatures, confirming the legal validity of electronic signatures and safeguarding the legal interests of parties involved in such matters. This law was revised on 23 April 2019 with immediate effect. The revision involves the deletion of the reference to land conveyancing transactions in Article 3, which provides for types of transaction exempted from the law. Accordingly, land conveyancing agreements can now be executed electronically.
Colombia
, regulates accreditation procedures for Certification Entities, who certify digital signatures.
; The eIDAS regulation. In the EU, electronic signatures and related trust services are regulated by the Regulation N°910/2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market. This regulation was adopted by the Council of the European Union on 23 July 2014. It became effective on 1 July and repealed the Electronic Signatures Directive 1999/93/EC. At the same date, any laws of EU member states that were inconsistent with eIDAS were also automatically repealed, replaced or modified. In contract to the aforementioned directive the eIDAS Regulation is directly effective in all member states.
Pasal 12 Undang-undang No.11 Tahun 2008 Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Japan
Korea
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Malaysia
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México
Moldova
New Zealand
* For an overview of the New Zealand law refer: - The Laws of New Zealand, Electronic Transactions, paras 16-18; or - Commercial Law, paras 8A.7.1-8A.7.4.
Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, at et seq. The law permits the use of electronic signatures in many situations, and preempts many state laws that would otherwise limit the use of electronic signatures.
Case law
Court decisions discussing the effect and validity of digital signatures or digital signature-related legislation:
In re Piranha, Inc., 2003 WL 21468504 .
Cloud Corp. v. Hasbro, 314 F.3d 289
Sea-Land Service, Inc. v. Lozen International, 285 F.3d 808
Uruguay
Uruguay laws include both, electronic and digital signatures:
Turkey
Turkey has an since 2004. This law is stated in European Union Directive 1999/93/EC. Turkey has a for all government agents for their internal use and three independent certificate authorities all of which are issuing qualified digital signatures.
