Disrupted planet


In astronomy, a disrupted planet is a planet, or exoplanet or, perhaps on a somewhat smaller scale, a planetesimal, moon, exomoon or asteroid, that has been disrupted, or destroyed, by a nearby, or passing, astronomical body or object, such as a star. Necroplanetology is the related study of such a process. Nonetheless, the result of such a disruption may be the production of excessive amounts of related gas, dust and debris, that may eventually surround the parent star in the form of a circumstellar disk or debris disk. As a consequence, the orbiting debris field may be an "uneven ring of dust", causing erratic light fluctuations in the apparent luminosity of the parent star, as may have been responsible for the oddly flickering light curves associated with the starlight observed from certain variable stars, such as that from Tabby's Star, RZ Piscium and WD 1145+017. Excessive amounts of infrared radiation may be detected from such stars, suggestive evidence in itself that dust and debris may be orbiting the stars.

Examples

Planets

Examples of planets, or their related remnants, considered to have been a disrupted planet, or part of such a planet, include: 'Oumuamua and WD 1145+017 b, as well as asteroids, hot Jupiters and those that are hypothetical planets, like Fifth planet, Phaeton, Planet V and Theia.

Stars

Examples of parent stars, considered to have caused a planet to have been disrupted, include: EPIC 204278916, Tabby's Star, PDS 110, RZ Piscium, WD 1145+017 and 47 Ursae Majoris.
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[Tabby's Star] light curve

is an F-type main-sequence star exhibiting unusual light fluctuations, including up to a 22% dimming in brightness. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these irregular changes, but none to date fully explain all aspects of the curve. One explanation is that an "uneven ring of dust" orbits Tabby's Star. However, in September 2019, astronomers reported that the observed dimmings of Tabby's Star may have been produced by fragments resulting from the disruption of an orphaned exomoon.