Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are categorization of the Carpathian mountains system.
Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from the western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.
To generalize, there are three major provinces : Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and Southern Carpathians.
Naming Conventions
The division is largely undisputed at the lowest level, but various divisions are given for the higher levels, especially for the penultimate level. A geomorphological division has been used as much as the data was available; other new physiogeographic divisions were used in other cases. Where the classification of a higher level "title" is known/sure, it is added at the end of the name in brackets, e.g. "".;Taxonomy
The names are also given in the language of the corresponding country and marked by the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes:
- AT=Austria
- CZ=Czech Republic
- HU=Hungary
- PL=Poland
- RO=Romania
- RS=Serbia
- SK=Slovakia
- UA=Ukraine
In Romania, it is usual to divide the Eastern Carpathians in Romanian territory into three formal groups, instead in Outer and Inner sections of Eastern Carpathians. The Romanian approach is shown by adding the following abbreviations to the names of units within Romania:
- MMB = Maramureș-Bukovinian Carpathians
- MMT = Moldavian-Transylvanian Carpathians
- MC = Curvature Carpathians
The Transylvanian Plateau is encircled by, and geologically a part of, the Carpathians. But it is not a mountainous region and its inclusion is disputed in some sources. Its features are included below.
The Serbian Carpathians are sometimes considered part of the Southern Carpathians, sometimes not considered part of the Carpathians at all. They're included below.
The Outer Carpathian Depressions lay outside the broad arc of the entire formation and are usually listed as part of the individual divisions of the Carpathian Mountains, i.e. of Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians etc. With the difficulty of finding their exact subdivisions, they are given only as a list of the final units from the west to the east and south, in a separate listing at the end.
[Western Carpathians] (province)
Outer Western Carpathians (subprovince)
[South-Moravian Carpathians] (CZ) / [Austrian - South-Moravian Carpathians] (AT) (area)
- Lower Austrian Inselberg Swell + Mikulov Highlands
- Dyje-Svratka Vale
[Central Moravian Carpathians] (CZ) (area)
- Ždánice Forest
- Litenčice Hills
- Chřiby
- Kyjov Hills
[Slovak-Moravian Carpathians] (CZ/SK) (area)
- White Carpathians
- Maple Mountains
- Myjava Hills
- Váh Valley Land
- Vizovice Highlands
[West Beskidian Foothills] (CZ / PL) (area)
- Silesian-Moravian Foothills
- Silesian Foothills
- Wieliczka Foothills
- Wiśnicz Foothills
[Western Beskids] (CZ / SK / PL) (area)
- Hostýn-Vsetín Mountains
- Moravian-Silesian Beskids
- Turzovka Highlands
- Jablunkov Furrow
- Rožnov Furrow
- Jablunkov Intermontane
- Silesian Beskids
- Żywiec Basin
- Little Beskids
- Maków Beskids or Middle Beskids
- Island Beskids
- Gorce
- Rabka Basin
- Sącz Basin
Central section of the Western Beskids
, marked in red and labeled with G
- Orava Beskids + Żywiec Beskids
- Kysuce Beskids +Żywiec Beskids
- Kysuce Highlands
- Orava Magura
- Orava Highlands
- Sub-Beskidian Furrow
- Sub-Beskidian Highlands
[Podhale-Magura Area] (SK)/ [Orava-Podhale Depression] (PL)The Tatransko-fatranská oblasť and the Podhôrno-magurská oblasť, sometimes together with the units Vtáčnik, Kremnické vrchy, Pohronský Inovec and parts of Považské podolie, are known as "Central Western Carpathians" in some non-geomorphological systems. (area)
- Skorušina Mountains + Spiš-Gubałówka Piedmont
- Sub-Tatra Furrow
- Spiš Magura + Spiš-Gubałówka Piedmont
- Levoča Mountains
- Bachureň
- Spiš-Šariš Intermontane
- Šariš Highlands
- Orava Basin + Orava-Nowy Targ Basin
Inner Western Carpathians (subprovince)
[Slovak Ore Mountains] (SK) (area)
Slovenské rudohorie- Vepor Mountains
- Spiš-Gemer Karst
- Stolica Mountains
- Revúca Highlands
- Volovec Mountains
- Black Mountain
- Rožňava Basin
- Slovak Karst and Aggtelek Karst
[Fatra-Tatra Area] (SK/PL/AT) * (area)
- Little Carpathians + Hainburg Mountains
- Považský Inovec
- Tribeč
- Strážov Mountains
- Súľov Mountains
- Žiar
- Lesser Fatra
- Greater Fatra
- Staré Hory Mountains
- Choč Mountains
- Western Tatras
- Eastern Tatras
- Low Tatras
- Kozie chrbty
- Branisko
- Žilina Basin
- Upper Nitra Basin
- Turiec Basin
- Podtatranská kotlina
- Hornád Basin
- Horehronské podolie
[Slovak Central Mountains] (''Slovenské stredohorie'') (SK) (area)
- Vtacnik Mountains
- Pohronský Inovec
- Štiavnica Mountains
- Kremnica Mountains
- Poľana
- Ostrôžky
- Javorie
- Krupina Plain
- Zvolen Basin
- Pliešovce Basin
- Žiar Basin
[Lučenec-Košice Depression] (SK/HU) (area)
- Southern Slovak Basin + Central Ipoly Basin + Borsod Hills
- Bodva Hills
- Košice Basin + Hernád-Valley Basin
[Mátra-Slanec Area] (SK) /[North Hungarian Mountains] (HU) (area)
- Börzsöny Mountains + Burda
- Gödöllő Hills
- Cerová vrchovina + Cserhát
- Mátra
- Bükk
- Cserehát Hills
- Slanec Mountains + Zemplén Mountains
- Zemplín Mountains
[Eastern Carpathians] (province)
Outer Eastern Carpathians (subprovince)
[Central Beskidian Piedmont] (PL)***
- Rożnów Piedmont
- Ciężkowice Piedmont
- Strzyżów Piedmont
- Dynów Piedmont
- Przemyśl Piedmont
- Gorlice Depression
- Jasło-Krosno Basin
- Jasło Piedmont
- Bukowsko Piedmont
Central Beskids">Central Beskids of the Outer Eastern Carpathians">Central Beskids (area)
- Busov
- Ondava Highlands
- Low Beskid + Laborec Highlands
- Central Beskidian Piedmont
Eastern Beskids">Eastern Beskids of the Outer Eastern Carpathians">Eastern Beskids (area)
- Bieszczady Mountains → c1
- * Western Bieszczady mainly in Poland and Slovakia, including the Bukovec Mountains
- * Eastern Bieszczady, mainly in Ukraine
- Sanok-Turka Mountains → c3
- Skole Beskids → c2
- Gorgany → c4
- Pokuttia-Bucovina Beskids → c5
- Smooth Polonyna → c6
- Polonyna Borzhava → c7
- Polonyna Kuk → c8
- Red Polonyna → c9
- Svydovets → c10
- Chornohora → c11
- Hrynyavy Mountains → c12
[Moldavian-Muntenian Carpathians]
- Suhard Mountains MMB
- Ridges of Bukovina, i.e. Obcina Feredeului, Obcina Mestecăniș and Obcina Mare MMB
- Stânișoara Mountains MMT
- Trotuș Mountains MMT
- Vrancea Mountains MC
- Buzău Mountains MC
- Teleajen-Doftana Mountains MC
Inner Eastern Carpathians (subprovince)
[Vihorlat-Gutin Area]
- Vihorlat Mountains + Vyhorliat →
- Makovytsia →
- Velikyi Dil →
- Tupyi →
- Oaș Mountains and Oaș Lowland MMB →
- Gutin Mountains MMB →
- Țibleș Mountains MMB →
[Maramureș-Rodna Area]
- Maramureș Lowland MMB →
- Maramureș Mountains MMB →
- Rodna Mountains MMB →
[Bistrița Mountains] (RO)
- Bistrița Mountains sensu stricto, i.e. Pietrosul Massif + Budacul Massif + Ceahlău Massif, the latter being considered a separate range sometimes, MMT
- Mestecăniș Ridge MMB
- Dorna Depression MMB
- Giumalău-Rarău Mountains MMB
- Giurgeu Mountains MMT
- Hășmaș Mountains MMT
[Căliman-Harghita Mountains] (RO)
- Bârgău Mountains MMT
- Călimani Mountains MMT
- Ciuc Mountains MMT
- Gurghiu Mountains MMT
- Harghita Mountains MMT
- Baraolt Mountains MMT
- Perșani Mountains MMT
[Giurgeu-Brașov Depression] (RO)
- Giurgeu Depression MMT
- Ciuc Depression MMT
- Brașov Depression MC
- Piatra Mare Mountains MC
- Postăvarul Massif MC
[Southern Carpathians] (RO) (province)
[Bucegi Mountains] Group
- Bucegi Mountains
- Leaotă Mountains
- Rucăr-Bran Pass
[Făgăraș Mountains group]
- Făgăraș Mountains
- Iezer Mountains
- Piatra Craiului
- Cozia Mountains
- Loviște Depression
[Parâng Mountains group]
- Parâng Mountains
- Șureanu Mountains
- Cindrel Mountains
- Lotru Mountains
- Căpățână Mountains
- Petroșani Depression
[Retezat-Godeanu Mountains group]
- Retezat Mountains
- Godeanu Mountains
- Vâlcan Mountains
- Mehedinți Mountains
- Cerna Mountains
- Țarcu Mountains
[Western Romanian Carpathians] (RO)
[Apuseni Mountains] (''Munții Apuseni'')
Criș Mountains :- Criș Hills, incl. Beiuș Depression, Vad Depression
- Pădurea Craiului Mountains
- Codru-Moma Mountains
- Meseș Mountains
- Seș Mountain
- Șimleu Depression, often considered part of the Transylvanian Basin-Podișul Someșan
- Șimleu Mountains, often considered part of the Transylvanian Basin-Podișul Someșan
- Bihor Mountains
- Great Mountain
- Gilău Mountains
- Zarand Mountains
- Metalliferous Mountains, incl. Trascău Mountains
[Poiana Ruscă Mountains]
- Poiana Ruscă
- Lipova Plateau
- Bega-Timiș Groove
- Orăștie Groove, incl. Hațeg Depression
[Banat Mountains]
- Banat Mountains sensu stricto, i.e. Semenic Mountains, Locva Mountains, Anina Mountains and Dognecea Mountains
- Almăj Mountains
- Timiș-Cerna Gap, incl. Almăj Depression
- Caraș Hills
[Transylvanian Plateau] (RO)
- Mureș-Turda Depression
- Sibiu Depression
- Făgăraș Depression
- Târnava Plateau, incl. Hârtibaci Plateau and Secașe Plateau
- Transylvanian Plain, or Transylvanian Plateau sensu stricto
- Someș Plateau
[Serbian Carpathians] (RS)
- Miroč
- Homolje mountains
- Veliki Krš
- Mali Krš
- Deli Jovan
- Beljanica
- Kučaj
- Rtanj
- Ozren
- Devica
[Outer Subcarpathian regions] (subprovince)
- Weinviertel Foothills + Dyje-Svratka Valley → A1.1
- Vyškov Gate → A1.2
- Upper Moravian Valley → A1.3
- Moravian Gate → A1.4
- Ostrava Basin → A1.5
- Oświęcim Basin → A1.6
- Kraków Gate → A1.7
- Sandomierz Basin + San-Dniester Plain → B1.1
- Upper Dniester Valley → B1.2
- Drohobych Highlands → B1.3
- Dniester Plain → B1.4
- Pokutian Upland → B1.5
- Bukovinian Highlands + Suceava Plateau → B1.6
- Moldavia-Siret Groove → B1.7
- Moldavian Subcarpathians → B1.8
- Muntenian Subcarpathians → B1.9
- Getic Subcarpathians + Getic Plateau → C1.1
Footnotes