Dovid Katz


Dovid Katz is an American-born, Vilnius-based scholar, author and educator, specializing in Yiddish language and literature, Lithuanian Jewish culture, and the Holocaust in Eastern Europe. In recent years, he has been known for combating the so-called "Double Genocide" revision of Holocaust history which asserts a moral equivalence between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. He is editor of the web journal , which he founded in 2009; it has brought together a modest cluster of otherwise little heard-from East European voices. He is known to spend part of each year at his home in North Wales. His website include a list of his books, of some articles by topic, a record of recent work, and a more comprehensive bibliography.

Early life and Yiddish Studies

Born in the New York City borough of Brooklyn into the Litvak family of the award-winning Yiddish and English poet Menke Katz, Dovid Katz attended the Brooklyn day schools Hebrew Institute of Boro Park, East Midwood Jewish Day School, and then, Yeshivah of Flatbush High School, where he led a student protest calling for the inclusion of Yiddish in American Hebrew day school curricula, and founded and edited the Yiddish-English student journal "Aleichem Sholem". He majored in linguistics at Columbia University, where he graduated in 1978, having studied concurrently at New York's Herzliah Yiddish Teachers' Seminary. He relocated to London in 1978 to work on a doctorate on the origins of the Semitic component in the Yiddish language at the University of London, where he won the John Marshall Medal in Comparative Philology.
In his early linguistic work, he began to argue for "continual transmission" of the Semitic component in Yiddish from Hebrew through to Aramaic through to Yiddish, challenging the standard "text theory" that postulated entrance principally via religious texts later on. He proposed novel reconstructions for parts of the proto-Yiddish vowel system, modifications in the classification of Yiddish dialects, and joined the school of Yiddish scholars that argues for a more easterly origin of Yiddish over the western hypothesis, bringing to the table Semitic component evidence; it was in that connection that he came across a thirteenth-century Hebrew and Aramaic prayerbook manuscript in the Bodleian that exhibited the vowel system he had earlier, in his thesis, reconstructed as underlying that of the Semitic component in Yiddish.
Over the years he published papers in Yiddish and English on various "history of ideas" topics, including the role of Aramaic in Aramaic-Hebrew-Yiddish internal Ashkenazi trilingualism ; medieval rabbinic disputes over Yiddish; rabbinic contributions to Yiddish dialectology; the importance of the German underworld language Rotwelsch for Yiddish linguistics; Christian studies in Yiddish; and the 19th century roots of religious Yiddishism, among others.
For eighteen years he taught Yiddish Studies at Oxford, building from scratch, sometimes single-handedly, the Oxford Programme in Yiddish. It grew in the 1980s and 1990s into an international program. His contributions include initiating a new four-week summer course at four levels of language instruction, the annual Stencl Lecture, annual winter symposiums ; University of Oxford BA, MSt and MPhil options, and a doctoral program, these being concentrated in the University's Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages. His former doctoral students are today professors of Yiddish at Indiana University and Düsseldorf among others. He founded the series Winter Studies in Yiddish in English, and Oksforder Yidish, entirely in Yiddish. His posts, at the Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies were instructor and junior fellow, senior research fellow and director of Yiddish studies. In 1994 he founded the Oxford Institute for Yiddish Studies and served as its research director until 1997. He was Research Fellow at St. Antony's College Oxford from 1986 to 1997, and a member of the Modern Language Faculty's Graduate Studies Committee from 1984 to 1997.
After an initial trip to his ancestral Lithuania and Belarus in 1990, Katz pioneered the mounting of in-situ post-Holocaust Yiddish dialectological and folkloristic expeditions in Eastern Europe. He focused on the "Lithuanian lands" and continues work on his Atlas of Northeastern Yiddish. He has amassed thousands of hours of recorded interviews with "the last of the Yiddish Mohicans" in these regions but as far as is known has thus far failed to find a permanent home for the materials. In early 2013 he began posting clips from his interviews of Boro Park Yiddish speakers gleaned from his return trips to his native Brooklyn.
His publications on Yiddish language include his "Grammar of the Yiddish Language" and his book in Yiddish, "Tikney takones. Fragn fun yidisher stilistik", both of which aimed to enhance the teaching of Yiddish as a vibrant language both spoken and for new literary and academic works, even if in small circles. In both works, he advocated a descriptivist stance, rejecting what he considered to be the excessive purism prevalent in the field, particularly in New York. He also championed the traditionalist variant of modern Yiddish orthography, and was the author of the "Code of Yiddish Spelling". He twice founded and directed Yiddish teacher training programs: at Oxford, a one-year program in 1996, and at Vilnius, an intensive course in spring 2005.
For a nonspecialist English readership he wrote a history of the language and its culture, "Words on Fire: The Unfinished Story of Yiddish", which attracted both acclaim and robust debate, particularly over his predictions of a vernacular future for Yiddish based in Haredi communities, and his contention that modern Hebrew could not replace the European-nuanced vibrancy of Yiddish. For years he wrote regular columns for the Forverts, and in more recent years for the Algemeiner Journal, which seemed to have stopped with the departure of Y.Y. Jacobson as editor around 2010. In 2015, his book Yiddish and Power was published in the UK by Palgrave Macmillan.
He is the author of a number of articles on Yiddish in encyclopedias and book introductions, including the Yivo's reprint of Alexander Harkavy's trilingual Yiddish-English-Hebrew dictionary.
After a year as visiting professor at Yale University, Katz relocated to Vilnius in 1999 in order to take up a new chair in Yiddish language, literature and culture at Vilnius University, and to found the university's Center for Stateless Cultures, which he directed for its first two years. He had relocated his old Oxford Yiddish summer program to Vilnius a year earlier. In 2001, he founded the Vilnius Yiddish Institute at Vilnius University and remained its research director and primary instructor until 2010. His works on Litvak culture include the folio volume "Lithuanian Jewish Culture", "Windows to a Lost Jewish Past: Vilna Book Stamps", and "Seven Kingdoms of the Litvaks". In 2009 he directed the "Jewish Lithuania" program for Summer Literary Seminars in Vilnius. He has proposed "Litvak Studies" as a potential program of study.
He began to write short stories in Yiddish following his father's death in 1991, and published three collections in book form in the 1990s under the nom de plume Heershadovid Menkes : Eldra Don, 1992; The Flat Peak, 1993; Tales of the Misnagdim from Vilna Province, 1996. After experimenting with modern themes, he abandoned them for the vanished life of old Jewish Lithuania, to some extent violating norms of modern Yiddish to write works set in older Jewish Lithuania in local dialect. Awards for his fiction came from within the secular Yiddish environment: the Hirsh Rosenfeld Award, the Zhitlovsky Prize and the most prestigious Yiddish literary award, the Itzik Manger Prize, in 1997. In 1994 he founded at Oxford the then sole literary monthly magazine in Yiddish, "Yiddish Pen" and edited its first 27 issues. It did not, however, usher in the literary revival he had hoped for, and his own works of fiction received little recognition outside the narrow world of secular Yiddish culture. Years, later translated anthologies of his short stories appeared in 2012, in English and in German, but received little critical attention. In 2001-2002 he was a Guggenheim Fellow in Yiddish literature.
Katz, taken aback by the poverty he found among the last aged Yiddish speakers in Eastern Europe, alerted the wider world to the issue in a 1999 op-ed in the Forward, which was cited by Judge Edward R. Korman in the Swiss Banks settlement in the U.S. District Court in 2004. Katz began to work closely with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee on these issues, and he helped inspire and inform the 2004 founding of the Survivor Mitzvah Project by a group based in Santa Monica, California.
In October 2012, he took part in the Channel 4 reality series "Jewish Mum of the Year" as one of the judging panel alongside Tracy-Ann Oberman and Richard Ferrer. Most of the reviews of his own appearance judged it negatively and it seems he did not think much of the program himself.
In 2013, he initiated a "" with item descriptions in Yiddish and index in English.
In June 2014, two articles in Tablet magazine focused on the recent history and status of Yiddish linguistics, including his own contributions. Katz promptly responded.
In 2015, he embarked on a project to translate the Bible into Lithuanian Yiddish. By mid-2016, he had posted drafts of , ', , ', , and . Around the same time, he initiated a "" with item descriptions in Yiddish and index in English.
By 2018, he , and published The Book of Ruth in Lithuanian Yiddish.
In 2018, to honor the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the modern Lithuanian republic in 1918, he initiated stressing interwar Yiddish-Lithuanian multicultural and bilingual life.
The same year, he launched online his which is an English-Yiddish dictionary stressing cultural specificities and with all discussions of entries in Yiddish. It is rooted in his earlier descriptivist work in Yiddish stylistics, and is inherently opposed to some of the more normative and purist trends in Yiddish stylistics in the United States.

Holocaust History and Human Rights Activism

After observing the Vilnius scene for years, Dovid Katz began in 2008 to publicly challenge the "double genocide" theory of World War II and the accusations against Holocaust survivors who survived by joining the Jewish partisans. In a Rothschild Foundation London seminar in February that year he proposed the term "Holocaust Obfuscation" for an East European trend to downgrade the Holocaust into one of two purportedly equal genocides ; he refined the term in a 2009 paper. When, in May 2008, Lithuanian prosecutors launched investigations of two more elderly Holocaust survivors, Fania Yocheles Brantsovsky and Dr. Rachel Margolis, Katz embarked on a new activist phase of his life. He became a staunch advocate for the accused Holocaust survivors who were under investigation, and played a role in mobilizing the Western diplomatic community in Vilnius to support them. Results, achieved in partnership with Vilnius-based diplomats, included a reception by the Irish ambassador for Ms. Brantsovsky, awarding her a certificate, on 3 June 2008, and a certificate of merit from the American ambassador. This was followed in August that year by a letter from nine NATO-member embassies to Dr. Rachel Margolis in Rehovot, Israel, and, in 2010, by a letter from seven European ambassadors that noted the legalization of swastikas that year, renewed Holocaust denial, and the attempts to "equalize" Nazi and Soviet crimes.
Professor Katz was apparently the first to publicly challenge the 2008 Prague Declaration in two May 2009 op-eds, in The Jewish Chronicle and The Irish Times. He subsequently contributed articles to The Guardian, Tablet magazine, The Jerusalem Post, the London Jewish News, The Times of Israel, and other publications. He has lectured on these issues at the Jewish National Fund in Adelaide, Australia, Lund University in Sweden, Monash University in Melbourne, Musée d'Aquitaine in Bordeaux, Rutgers University, University of Pennsylvania, University of South Carolina at Columbia, the Woodrow Wilson Center's Kennan Institute in Washington, D.C., University of London, and Yeshiva University, among others.
His professorship at Vilnius University was terminated after eleven years in 2010 after he published several articles critical of Lithuanian prosecutors' campaign against Holocaust survivors who joined the partisans.. He began to . In 2016 was appointed professor at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, .
In September 2009 Katz launched the openly partisan online journal HolocaustInTheBaltics.com, which was renamed a year later DefendingHistory.com, and came to include contributions by several dozen authors; it has sections on the regional glorification of local Nazi collaborators, and the related "exotic tourism" as well as Opinion, Books, Film and History sections. Over time, DefendingHistory has also become one of the addresses for resources in Litvak affairs, including culture, history, news, tourism and "dark tourism."
In 2012 he co-authored The Seventy Years Declaration, signed on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Wannsee Conference by 71 European parliamentarians. He was invited to present it formally to Martin Schulz, president of the European Parliament, in Strasbourg on March 14, 2012.
Katz's work on the Holocaust in Lithuania and related antisemitism issues was among the subjects of a 2010 BBC world service program by Wendy Robbins, and a 2012 Australian documentary film by Marc Radomsky and Danny Ben-Moshe. He has participated in various public debates on these subjects, and has publicly disagreed with Yale Professor Timothy D. Snyder on the related history, in a 2010 Guardian debate preceding publication of Snyder's Bloodlands in a book review in East European Jewish Studies, and an open letter during the controversy over the reburial with full honors in 2012 of the 1941 Nazi puppet prime minister in Lithuania. He also engaged in public debate with the director of YIVO and the Economist's Edward Lucas.
His work in the field of human rights has included on-site protest and monitoring of state-sanctioned city-center nationalist parades in Vilnius and Kaunas in Lithuania, and Waffen-SS parades in the Latvian capital Riga, taking note also of anti-Polish, anti-Russian, anti-Roma and anti-gay signs, slogans and publications. In 2013 he added an LGBT rights section to Defending History. Twice, in 2010 and in 2011, he appeared in Budapest to report on what he regarded as "sensationally absurd" trials of Holocaust historian and Nazi-hunter Efraim Zuroff, director of the Wiesenthal Center's Israel office, on charges of "libel" leveled by a twice-convicted Nazi war criminal whom Dr. Zuroff had exposed. On the subject of free speech, he has been a vocal critic of Lithuania's 2010 law forbidding the denial or trivialization of Soviet and Nazi genocide, which he believes, in agreement with Leonidas Donskis, to constitute criminalization of debate. When the law was applied to a left-wing politician with whom he disagreed wholly on the 1991 events in question, Katz nevertheless felt it important to speak out for free speech, and, in a reply to Rokas Grajauskas in Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review made clear his view that objecting to Holocaust Obfuscation in no way signifies reluctance to expose Stalinist crimes.
In recent years, Katz has registered concern regarding purported policy shifts toward Holocaust Obfuscation and Double Genocide by the United States Department of State, in articles in Tablet, The Guardian Algemeiner Journal, The Times of Israel and a list of publications maintained on DefendingHistory.com. He also spoke out regarding alliances binding the UK's Conservative Party with controversial East European right wing politics, in The Irish Times, The Guardian, The Jewish Chronicle, and the London Jewish News. Analogously, he challenged Israeli foreign policy on alleged acequiscence to Holocaust Obfuscation in return for diplomatic support, in venues including the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, The Jerusalem Post, The Times of Israel and DefendingHistory.com.
In the spring of 2011, Katz was Jan Randa Visiting Scholar at the Australian Center for Jewish Civilization at Monash University in Melbourne where he lectured on both Yiddish Studies and Holocaust issues. He has worked to define the new and "nuanced" elitist East European antisemitism and its success in attracting unsuspecting westerners to help provide political cover. He presented findings at Yale University and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in 2011, and at a December 13, 2012 ISGAP event at Fordham University in New York City. He participated in the April 18, 2013 seminar on "Red equals Brown issues" in Berlin, and a May 27–28, 2013 conference in Riga on Holocaust commemoration in post-communist Eastern Europe. A Spring 2016 lecture tour included lectures on Yiddish, Litvak and Holocaust topics at the University of Toronto and York University in Toronto; UCLA in Los Angeles; ISGAP, Baruch College, and the Mid-Manhattan New York Public Library in New York; Fairfield University and Yale in Connecticut. In Sept. 2016 he was , VGTU, in its Department of Philosophy and Cultural Studies.
Unexpectedly for many in his circles, he became, in 2015, a staunch opponent of plans to locate a national convention center on the grounds of Vilnius's 15th century-origin old Jewish cemetery. His activities included helping inspire an array of international published protest statements, maintaining a monitoring section in Defending History. One summary of his views appeared in The Times of Israel in late 2015. He has argued that the rights of the dead, especially those in long-ago paid-for burial plots, include the right to be left in peace.
Katz keeps , and a separate list of papers on Holocaust Studies in . A few reflections on his life were recorded in April 2016 by Larry Yudelson in The Jewish Standard, and in August of the same year by Inga Liutkevičienė in Bernardinai.lt.