The Mormaer or Earl of Atholl was the title of the holder of a medieval comital lordship straddling the highland province of Atholl, now in northern Perthshire. Atholl is a special Mormaerdom, because a King of Atholl is reported from the Pictish period. The only other two Pictish kingdoms to be known from contemporary sources are Fortriu and Circinn. Indeed, the early 13th century document known to modern scholars as the de Situ Albanie repeats the claim that Atholl was an ancient Pictish kingdom. In the 11th century, the famous Crínán of Dunkeld may have performed the role of Mormaer. Royal connections continued with Máel Muire, who was the son of King Donnchad I, and the younger brother of Máel Coluim III mac Donnchada. Matad was perhaps the most famous of the Mormaers, fathering Harald Maddadsson, a notorious rebel of the Scottish King and perhaps the first Gael to rule Orkney as Earl of Orkney. The line of Máel Muire and Crínán came to an end when Forbhlaith, the daughter of Mormaer Henry married David de Hastings. The latter marriage produced a daughter, Ada, who married into the Strathbogie family, a semi-Normanized Gaelic family with Fife origins. The Strathbogies ruled until the Wars of Independence, when the Campells took over. It finally passed to the Stewarts.
John Campbell, 1st Earl of Atholl inherited the property confiscated from David II Strathbogie in about 1320, but died without issue
Earls of Atholl; Third creation (1341)
William Douglas, 1st Earl of Atholl resigned his earldom upon or shortly after creation
Earls of Atholl; Fourth creation (1342)
Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, grandson of Robert I, ceased to be Earl of Atholl in 1367, and later became King Robert II in 1371
Earls of Atholl; Fifth creation (1398)
David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, 1st Earl of Atholl, grandson of Robert II, died without issue
Earls of Atholl; Sixth creation (1403)
Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, 1st Earl of Atholl, third son of Robert II, was created Earl of Atholl for the life of his brother only. He therefore lost the earldom upon the death of his brother in 1406.
Earls of Atholl; Seventh creation (1404)
Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, sixth and youngest son of Robert II, was attainted and executed for his part in the murder of James I
Earls of Atholl; Eighth creation (1457)
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl
John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Atholl, only son of the 1st Earl
John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Atholl, only son of the 2nd Earl
John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, only son of the 3rd Earl
John Stewart, 5th Earl of Atholl, only son of the 4th Earl, died without male issue.