Ekka (carriage)


An ekka is a one-horse carriage used in northern India. Ekkas were something like 'traps', and were commonly used as cabs, or private hire vehicles in 19th-century India. They find frequent mention in colonial literature of the period. It is also said that some kind of ekkas were used by people of Indus Valley Civilisation.
Ekkas were typically drawn by a single horse, pony, mule and had a pair of large wooden wheels and the carriage had a flat floor with a canopy providing shade to the passenger and the driver. Traditionally, they lacked springs and seats, with the passengers having to sit on their haunches and withstand the jolts transmitted by the wheels. John Lockwood Kipling, artist and father of Rudyard Kipling, described the ekka as a "tea-tray on wheels" with the passengers sitting like "compressed capital N's". Bells were attached to the cart so as to warn people to stay out of the way of the cart. The space below the carriage and between the wheels was available for baggage. Wider versions with two bullocks have also been referred to as ekkas although larger two horse carriages with better seating are known as tongas.