Elections in Haryana


Elections in Haryana, which is a state in India, have been conducted since 1967 to elect the members of state-level Haryana Legislative Assembly and national-level Lok Sabha. There are 90 assembly constituencies and 10 Lok Sabha constituencies.

History

Before formation of Haryana

Prior to Haryana's establishment as a separate state in 1966, after carving out Haryana from Punjab, elections in Haryana were part of elections in unified Punjab. Cis-Sutlej states, which included princely states of Jind, Kaithal and Kalsia, as well as the parts of pricnely states of Patiala and Nabha falling in Haryana, were merged with the PEPSU Legislative Assembly. On 1 November 1956, PEPSU was merged mostly into Punjab State following the States Reorganisation Act. Part of former state of PEPSU lie within the present state of Haryana which was separated from Punjab on 1 November 1966, those parts include the area around Jind and the Narnaul enclave. Until 1967 elections in Haryana were part of the Elections in Punjab.

After formation of Haryana

Haryana was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on linguistic as well as on cultural basis. Since 1967 elections have been held by the Election Commission of Haryana. 1st, 2nd and 3rd Lok Sabha elections were held when Haryana was still part of Punjab. Haryana was divided into 10 Lok Sabha constituencies, out of which 2 are reserved. After the electorla boundaries delimitation in 2007 by the Delimitation Commission of India, Bhiwani and Mahendragarh
constituencies became defunctional and those were replaces by 2 new reorganised constituencies.

Delimitation

After formation of Haryana in 1966, the composition of Lok Sabha was changed and seats were enhanced to accommodate additional seats from the newly formed state of Haryana. Last delimitation of electoral boundaries of Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha constituencies in Haryana was done by the Delimitation Commission of India in 2007-08. After the delimitation in 2007-08, Bhiwani and Mahendragarh constituencies were merged to form Bhiwani–Mahendragarh and a new Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency was craved out by bifurcating the existing Faridabad Lok Sabha Constituency.

Major Political Parties

In politics of Haryana, the Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian National Lok Dal, Jannayak Janta Party and Sarvhit Party are the major political parties in the state. In the past, various parties such as Haryana Vikas Party, Haryana Janhit Congress , Janata Dal, Janata Party, Vishal Haryana Party, Bharatiya Jana Sangh among others have been influential in the state.
The dynastic political clans of Haryana are often criticised for the infamous self-serving politics of the Aaya Ram Gaya Ram turncoats who notoriously engage in the frequent party switching, political horse trading, unholy political alliances, political corruption, political cronyism, nepotistic-dynastic rule which serves their own clan more than it serves their voters and people of Haryana they are ought to serve.

Conducting elections

Elections in Haryan are conducted by the Election Commission of Haryana, which operates under the Election Commission of India, Electoral Registration Officers and Returning Officers perform election work. Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India at national, state and district level. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies, state legislative Councils, and the offices of the President and Vice President of the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act.

Type of elections

Haryana, after being separated from Punjab, first went to polls in 1967. Lok Sabha elections, also called the General Elections, are held at national level, Vidhan Sabha elections are held to elect the state level assembly, and the grassroots local self-governance elections are held at Municipal and Gram panchayat level.

Lok Sabha elections

Haryana has 10 Lok Sabha constituencies, including 2 reserved constituencies.
; Current constituency
; Defunct constituency
; List of Lok Sabha elections in Haryana.

Vidhan Sabha Elections

The elections for the Haryana Vidhan Sabha are being held since 1967.

Local elections

refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state in the federal republic of India with three spheres of government: central, state and local. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments give recognition and protection to local governments and in addition each state has its own local government legislation. Since 1993, local government in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban localities, covered in the 74th amendment to the Constitution, have Nagar Palika but derive their powers from the individual state governments, while the powers of rural localities have been formalized under the panchayati raj system, under the 73rd amendment to the Constitution. District Magistrates, Electoral Registration Officers and Returning Officers are responsible for conducting municipal and panchayat raj elections at village, block and district level.
Haryana has 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 blocks, 154 cities and towns, 6,841 villages, 6212 villages panchayats and numerous smaller dhanis. Haryana has at least 10 municipal corporations, 18 municipal councils and 52 municipalities. See the partial list of
and

Electoral demography

Voters

According to Election Commission of Haryana, Haryana had a population of 2,1145,000 and 25,352,000 in 2001 and 2011 respectively. In October 2019, Haryana had 1,82,98,714 voters, including 1,81,91,228 general voters and 1,07,486 Service Voters, who will cast votes 19,425 polling stations for the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election. Psephologists, electoral data scientists, political analysts, Political forecasters, opinion polls and media often analyse and discuss the electoral demography in terms of gender, age group, castes, electoral geography, ethnic enclaves, swing of voters from/to a particular party or candidate.
According to 2011 Census of India, there are 87.46% Hindus, 7.03% Muslims, and 4.91% Sikhs. In terms of native language, 87.31% use Hindi, 10.57% Punjabi, and 1.23% Urdu. Haryana has 70% rural population who primarily speak Haryanvi dialect of Hindi, and related dialects, such as Bagri and Mewati.

Psephological regions

Haryana was made a separate state on linguistic and cultural basis. Consequently, within the limited context of elections the psephologists often refer to various geo-ethnic enclaves and geo-linguistic areas of Haryana, which are the Ahirwal, Deshwal belt, GT Road belt, Jat belt, Mewat, Punjabi belt, and Ror belt. Description of these psephological regions is as follows:
According to ECH data Haryana has poor female participation in contesting elections, out of the 90 assembly seats there are 58 seats which have never elected a female MLA. The Kalanaur Vidhan Sabha reserved constituency has elected the most number of female MLAs. From 1967 to 2014, 44 elected female MLAs were from congress, 11 from BJP, 6 from Janata Dal and INLD, 4 from Janata Party, 2 from Vishal Haryana Party, 2 from Hariyana Vikas Party. As of September 2019, only 3 female have won elections an independent candidate: Sharada Rani from Ballabgarh in 1982, Meritorious from Jhajjar in 1987 and Shakuntala Bhagwadia from Bawal in 2005. In 2014, 10 candidates were fielded by Congress, 16 by INlD, 15 by BJP, 12 by Haryana lokhit Party, 5 of HJC, 6 by Bahujan Samaj Party, and 4 by Jan Chetna Party, among them Rohita Rewari of BJP from Panipat city garnered a maximum of 63.5% votes, and a minimum of 30.3% votes were gained by Santosh Chauhan Sarwan of BJP from Mullana. In 2019 Vidhan Sabha elections, only 9 female candidate were elected, 4 from Congress, 3 from BJP, 1 from JJP and 1 independent., Economic Times, 25 October 2019.
Prominent female politicians of Haryana include the late Sushma Swaraj - former Union Foreign Minister, and Chandravati - former Governor who had defeated then Chief Minister Bansi Lal in 1972.
; Female contestants in Vidhan Sabha elections
Election YearTotal candidates% of female# female candidates# female won% of female won % of female won
19678450
196812758
197212433
197720420
198227726
198735514
199141615
19969344
20004948
2005681116
2009
20141151311
201911684?9?

Citations

*