Eleonore's father was NCO in the Prussian guards, on a low income. She grew up poor and was sent by her father to the military orphanage in Potsdam when her mother died. There she later found work as a domestic servant, though she was also interested in the war against Napoleon from an early age. During these wars she disguised herself as a man and registered for 1 Jägerbataillon of the Lützow Free Corps under the name August Renz in 1813, serving first as a drummer, then later in the infantry. She was severely wounded at the Battle of the Göhrde and field-surgeons, rushing to treat her wounds, discovered she was a woman and took her to Dannenberg, where she succumbed to her wounds three weeks later.
Legacy
In retrospect, she was strongly idealized as a chaste heroine and honoured as "Potsdam's Joan of Arc". Various plays and poems were written on her life, whilst Ludwig van Beethoven began a "Bühnenmusik" on her, with a libretto written by Friedrich Duncker. In 1863, a commemorative marker was erected over her grave at St.-Annen-Friedhof in Danneburg and in 1889 her home town of Potsdam created a monument to her memory, which still survives in the almost completely cleared Alten Friedhof.
In music and literature
Ludwig van Beethoven composed incidental music for a play by Johann Friedrich Duncker about the military heroine, entitled Leonore Prohaska. Duncker was Cabinet Secretary for the King of Prussia whom he accompanied to the Congress of Vienna. Despite Duncker's hopes, Leonore Prohaska was not performed in Vienna which may have been due to the fact that the material had already been treated in Piwald's Das Mädchen von Potsdam which did see performance in 1814.
Context
Eleonore was one of many German women to fight in the Napoleonic Wars, though almost all of them were ejected from the army when it was found out that they were women. The only known exception was Friederike Krüger, who became the only known female corporal in the Prussian army. Finally she served in 2nd Garde-Regiment zu Fuß. Her request to retire was accepted in 1816 and she returned to civilian life. Johanna Stegen, from Lüneburg, fought as a civilian for the rifle battalion of the 1st Pommerian Infantry Regiment in a battle at Lüneburg where she provided the troops with ammunition. Anna Lühring in 1814 joined the Lützower Jäger under the name Eduard Kruse and survived the Napoleonic Wars, though her public fame faded quickly.
