Before the 1950s, most of the area surrounding today's suburb of Elizabeth was farming land. After the end of the Second World War with its shortage of materials, the state government decided that South Australia needed to grow and become industrialised. A satellite city was planned for northern metropolitan fringe of Adelaide between the existing townships of Salisbury and Smithfield. The South Australian Housing Trust initiated a housing development program in the area, with a purchase of at the site of the present suburb. The township of Elizabeth was established on 16 November 1955, being named after Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. In 1964, a new local government body, the municipality of Elizabeth, later called City of Elizabeth, was created by severance from the District Council of Salisbury. This allowed the local government to focused explicitly on the newly-developed land and distinct local growing community centred at Elizabeth.
In the 2016 Census, there were 1,024 people in Elizabeth. 65.2% of people were born in Australia and 76.3% of people spoke only English at home. The most common response for religion was No Religion at 37.8%. As at the 2006 census, the population encompassing postcodes 5112, 5113 and 5114, was about 60,000. The majority of residents were Australian born, with 13.2% born in England. The age distribution of Elizabeth residents was similar to that of the greater Australian population. 67.5% of residents were aged 25 or over in 2006, compared to the Australian average of 66.5%; and 32.5% were younger than 25 years, compared to the Australian average of 33.5%.
The City of Playford civic centre houses the council chambers, the Elizabeth branch of the Playford Library and the Shedley Theatre. Westerly adjacent to the civic centre is the Elizabeth Shopping Centre at the heart of the suburb. Formerly known as Elizabeth Town Centre, it has been progressively expanded since the 1960s. In its early days it featured open air malls, but today it comprises a single storey undercover mall. A major renovation and extension was completed in 2004.
Parks
Dauntsey Reserve is located between Winterslow Road and Woodford Road. Ridley Reserve is located on the suburb's southern boundary. There are other parks and reserves in the suburb.
Transportation
Roads
Elizabeth is serviced by Main North Road, connecting the suburb to Adelaide city centre, and by Philip Highway.
Public transport
Elizabeth is serviced by public transport run by the Adelaide Metro.
Trains
The Gawler railway line passes beside the suburb. The closest station is Elizabeth.
Buses
Elizabeth is serviced by buses run by the Adelaide Metro.