Ellis Stones


Ellis Stones, was a constructor of private and public gardens—many displaying naturalistic rockwork—and a conservationist whose work and ideas influenced approaches to public landscaping in Australia. Based in Melbourne, Australia he was an early proponent of the use of Australian native plants and one of the founding fathers of the Australian landscaping style.

Early years and family life

Ellis Stones was born in Wodonga, Victoria. His father was Thomas James Stones a customs officer, born in Victoria. His mother was Hannah May, née Downs, also born in Victoria. He grew up in Essendon, Victoria. After attending Moonee Ponds West Primary School he worked with the Victorian Railways as an apprentice carriage builder. He married Olive Doyle in 1922. They had a son who died in his first year, and three daughters.

War years (1914–1918 and 1939–1945)

On 25 April 1915 he was a rower in the first boat of the second wave of the landing in the Gallipoli Campaign. He took a bullet in his left knee, an injury which was to cause him lifelong pain.
During World War II Stones worked in the Volunteer Defence Corps and the Civil Constructional Corps.

Building

After WWI he returned to work as a carpenter and, later, a builder, eventually living and working at Avenel in country Victoria. The Depression brought him and his family back to Melbourne, where he took on whatever work he could find, and eventually settled in Ivanhoe. Working on a house in Heidelberg in 1934-35, he volunteered to build a stone wall for its landscape designer Edna Walling. Impressed by his natural aptitude she employed him again on many other jobs as he gradually established his own practice as a constructor and designer of gardens.

Landscape architecture

Stones collaborated for many years with Edna Walling, constructing many of the rock outcrops, walls and ponds in the gardens she designed.
Among the gardens in which he did rock work for Walling were:
In Australian Home Beautiful of December 1938 Walling wrote:
"It is a rare thing this gift for placing stones and strange that a man possessing it should bear the name Stones... Lovely as formal gardens can be, it is these informal schemes, in which boulders form so important a part, that appeal so tremendously... they give us the atmosphere of the country, and the refreshment of mind derived from such".
Stones' inspiration for garden landscaping came from the natural world. He writes in the introduction to his book Australian Landscape Design,
"... more can be learnt by observing nature than through any other form of teaching. When you see pleasing contours with perhaps an attractive grouping of trees, ask yourself why they please you. It may be their texture or perhaps their shape, or a wandering track which may give special interest to the landscape. Look for the reason. It may be that the track winds around a tree which casts shadows on the path, or past an outcrop of boulders."
In her Foreword to The Ellis Stones Garden Book published in 1976 shortly after his death, Thistle Harris elaborates
"Ellis Stones abhorred geometrical patterns as much as does nature on a grand scale, and straight paths, trimmed borders and serried ranks of plants are never to be found in his gardens. Curving paths leading to forever; informal clumps of plants, bending intimately towards each other; lichen-covered rocks of geological antiquity—these things distinguish his designs."
The second principle which guided Stones' work was the idea that gardens must be designed for the people who use them. This struck a chord with writer Anne Latreille as she researched his life and work for her book ‘The Natural Garden’. She noted how he would start by considering the owners' way of life including likely changing needs over time. He tried to include private, sheltered spaces to sit outdoors. And he was cognisant of providing beautiful outlooks from indoors as well as particular spots in the garden.
In addition to creating many hundreds of gardens throughout Melbourne, through his writings, Stones must have influenced hundreds of thousands of home gardeners. His 1950s plant nursery in Lower Heidelberg Road helped to make native plants more available to the general public, and allowed him to provide brief advice to a large number of customers who had admired his work in others' gardens or who read his articles but could not afford to engage him.
Stones' specific advice on the design of home gardens has been distilled as follows:
His employees also recall him frequently commenting, "when in doubt, plant spiraea!"
Stones inspired a whole generation of younger garden designers. He was a foundation lecturer in the landscape design course at RMIT. His employees Bob Grant and David Leech went on to develop successful landscape businesses. Leech practised in Far North Queensland but his work lives on in beautiful parks and gardens in the Eltham area. NSW landscaper designer Michael Bligh's career in design was prompted by coming across Stones' book while looking for something to read on his way home on the train. While not formally trained himself, Stones supported the establishment of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects, becoming one of its first affiliate members, and receiving a fellowship in 1975. Among others, he trained landscape designer, Bev Hanson and pioneer of the bush garden concept, Gordon Ford. Ford's influence lives on into the 21st century through the work of his former employee, contemporary landscape architect, Sam Cox. Stones was also a major influence on John Fenton, one of Australia's foremost ecological farmers.

Commissions

As noted, over his long and busy working life, Stones was involved in creating several hundred gardens around Melbourne and beyond. Beginning with smaller specific elements such as rock outcrops and pools his body of work includes the following:
YearName of gardenSuburbReferences
1935Rockwork for Edna Walling designed Darling gardenToorak
1933 to 1939Side garden at Ringland Anderson’s Walling-designed ‘Churston’ gardenToorak
1938 & late 1940s/early 1950sDetail work 'Miegunyah' Grimwade gardenToorak
1938 ~Flack gardenSouth Yarra
1945Walters gardenMalvern
1946'Strathfieldsaye'Gippsland, Victoria
1949Thornthwaite gardenOcean Grove
1949 to 1954Bush garden around Downing/LeGallienne mud brick house by Alistair Knox Eltham
1949Walters gardenNarre Warren
1940s, late'Culraven' Ringland Anderson country-houseOlinda
1940s, lategardenHeathmont
1940s, lategarden for AV Jennings houseBawlyn
1950'Padthaway' Lawson gardenKeith, South Australia
1951'Mt Pleasant'Eltham
1952'Stella Park' Pyke sisters' gardensTemplestowe
1953-54Hawthorne gardenLilydale
1953-54'Netherplace' Landdale family gardenRiverina District
1953-54'Bridge House' Toorak, in a creek valley
1954Rundle gardenEltham
1950s, mid'Schubert Nursery'Noble Park
1956 to 1958Stone garden Ivanhoe, near Lower Heidelberg Road cutting
1957'Glenara' Rundle garden near Deep CreekBulla
1957garden around houses by Alistair Knox on subdivision of Grassick's 'Appledore'Eaglemont
1957rockwork and paving for Bates Smart McCutcheon headquarters Melbourne, St Kilda Road
1958Zelman Cowen gardenKew
1959Hawthorne gardenSouth Yarra
1959Clemson garden Kew
1950s, lateforecourts ICI House and Hume House East Melbourne
1959-60Mason Firth McCutcheon Berwick
1960-61Watsonia Army CampWatsonia
1960-61Judge Book Memorial VillageEltham
1961Cox garden Fairfield
1961 to 1964Baitz gardenCanterbury
1960s, earlyOsborne garden, Jepp gardenWarrandyte
1961Dickie garden, Fairview St, with Mervyn DavisHawthorn
1961Dellas Avenue Templestowe
?forecourt Hume House, designed by John StevensMelbourne, William Street
1962garden for former employee Louise McDonald, née LandaleMillicent, South Australia
1963pool at Chris Cross garden supplies outletDeepdene
1963Hawthorne gardenHawthorn
1965landscaping above underground laboratory housing CSIRO's division of physical chemistryMonash University
1965Rockpool garden at historic Como HouseSouth Yarra
1965Garden Pascoe Vale South
1965McIlwraith gardenViolet Town
1967'Mogolimby' Euroa
1967Michael McCoy memorial playgroundFootscray
1968Lady and Sir Ian McLennan gardenNarre Warren
1968Merchant Builders housing, Yuille StreetBrighton
1968playgrounds for disabled children at Churinga and YoorallaGreensborough and Balwyn
1968wooden playground, Wilson ParkIvanhoe
1969BHP research laboratoriesClayton
1969-70Molesworth St townhouses Kew
1970playground, Travancore Children's homeFlemington
1970'Elliston' housingRosanna
1971Carnegie courtyard gardenMalvern
1971playground, North Richmond Housing Estate, for Housing Commission of VictoriaRichmond
1972Garden for 'Saintonge' Molesworth Street Kew
1972Landscaping, Karwarra native plant nurseryKalorama
1973Rock gardenUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville
1970s, earlyTownhouses by Graeme Gunn townhouses, Kensington RdSouth Yarra
1970 to 1974Winter Park developmentDoncaster

Other commissions included a garden in Balwyn for Alan Blazey, chairman of garden products firm Hortico in the mid-1950s, a garden in Strathmore and playgrounds and gardens at Invercargill in New Zealand.

Association with Merchant Builders; the Elliston Estate

Merchant Builders Pty Ltd was an initiative of Melbourne businessman David Yencken. After discussions with prominent Melbourne architect Robin Boyd and his young employee Graeme Gunn, Yencken established the company with the vision of providing architect-designed houses at project home prices. Graeme Gunn was architect-in-charge, and Ellis Stones – then aged 71 – took on its landscape and garden design.Eventually Merchant Builders assembled a team of architects to design 50 basic house plans.
The architects consulted included:
Ellis Stones was commissioned to undertake landscaping in many of the Merchant home developments.
Elliston Estate was one of the best-known Merchant Builders home developments, named after Ellis Stones himself. Swamped by protests from local residents when the Rosanna Golf Club was to be subdivided for housing, Heidelberg City Council agreed to buy the golf course, retain half of it for a park and sell the rest to Merchant Builders for on-selling to the public. Ellis Stones advised on landscaping the park and developing the streetscapes and gardens so that 'gardens streets and park' would 'flow into and through each other'. Elliston includes the following streets:
Bachli, Cremin, Ferrier, Pickworth, Hartley, Nagle and Devlin Courts; Stanton, Crampton, Phillips and Von Nida Crescents; the west side of Finlayson Street; and Thompson Drive.

Environmentalism

Ellis Stones was deeply concerned about the destruction of the Australian landscape. In the introduction to his book Australian Garden Design, published in 1971, he writes
"Before the commencement of any major project that encroaches on the landscape there should be formed a panel consisting of persons representing every profession concerned with the project, to discuss and advise on the best means of carrying out the project with the least damage to the landscape. A landscape architect should certainly be included in any such panel, as he is in other countries which are deeply concerned about the preservation of their natural flora and fauna."
He goes on to say, "The ideal way to design a garden is in consultation with the architect or builder, before operations have commenced, so that the building may be sited in a way that will give plenty of scope for the garden, preserve some of the existing trees if the area is a wooded one, or emphasise any other strong features that may be evident in the natural contours."
Stones had a major influence on the landscaping of public places in Australia. In 1964 he assisted the Blackburn Tree Preservation Society to develop a proposal for staggered planting of clumps of Australian plants both within the median strip and either side of Springvale Road. The Nunawading Council, though initially resistant to the proposal, was eventually persuaded. Newsletters from the Society document that planting undertaken in 1965 in a trial stretch from Whitehorse Road to Canterbury Road was later extended south to Waverley Road. In 1974, Stones designed a section of the median strip in Canterbury Road from east of View Road, Vermont to the intersection of Boronia and Mitcham Roads. This landscape project used rock outcrops and low bluestone walls and is still visible when driving west along Canterbury Road before the intersection with Mitcham and Boronia Roads. The retention and supplementation of native vegetation championed by Stones and the Blackburn Tree Preservation Society has become the norm for median strips and roadside planting throughout Victoria.
Stones was an outspoken critic of the Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works, lamenting the destruction and degradation of the Yarra River environs and creeks throughout suburban Melbourne. He was the first president of the Ivanhoe River Parklands Protection League established in 1955 to prevent the destruction of Chelsworth Park. He served as a committee member for the Save the Yarra League and also assisted the Yarra Valley Freeway Action Group. For the Tullamarine Freeway he wrote to Lord Mayor Ron Walker late in 1974 suggesting "the whole length... as a beautiful bushland setting, with the statuesque river red gums a main feature... to welcome visitors to Australia."
The very last job undertaken by Ellis Stones, in 1975, was landscaping Salt Creek in the Rosanna Parklands, a job approved by his former adversary the MMBW. As Anne Latreille describes it
"Peter Glass visited Ellis on site the day before he died and found him 'leaping around those rocks like an antelope'. He came home for dinner on the night of 9 April, tired and happy. 'Oh I've had a good day' he said to Olive. 'There's a boy on the job who really understands what I'm talking about.' He went for a short lie-down before the evening meal and did not wake. He died in harness, quickly and quietly, as he wished it."
Not long after his death, the MMBW preserved a large amount of land along the Yarra Valley in a series of metropolitan parks, landscaped with native vegetation exactly as he would have wanted.

Awards and recognition

Stones posthumously received the Royal Australian Institute of Architect's Robin Boyd environmental medal.
A memorial plaque honouring his work can be found in a rock garden in Chelsworth Park near his former home in Ivanhoe.
The rock garden he designed near the staff car park at The University of Melbourne bears another memorial plaque.
The Ellis Stones rockery in Burnley Gardens was created to honour his contribution to landscape design in Australia.
The Ellis Stones Memorial Award is offered biennially to a landscape student for an outstanding piece of research.

Books

About war experience
About gardening
About garden heritage
About environmentalism
About playgrounds
About Elliston
Recognition, obituaries and honours
Legacy