Empress Ma (Jianwen)
Empress Ma, formally Empress Xiaominrang, was the Empress Consort to Jianwen Emperor and the second Empress Consort of China's Ming dynasty.Family background
Born in 1378, Ma was the daughter of an official from the town of :zh:应天府 |Yingtian in modern Nanjing named Ma Quan. She married Zhu Yunwen, grandson of the Hongwu Emperor, and was proclaimed Crown Princess in 1395.As Empress
Zhu Yunmen ascended the throne in 1398 and Ma was instated as the Empress Xiaominrang in the second month of his reign. She had two sons, Zhu Wenkui, Crown Prince Hejian and Zhu Wengui, Prince Huai of Run, both posthumously honored.Death
In 1402, Zhu Di sacked Nanjing and set fire to the palace, where Empress Xiaominrang died.Citations
