En (Lie algebra) In mathematics , especially in Lie theory , En is the Kac–Moody algebra whose Dynkin diagram is a bifurcating graph with three branches of length 1, 2 and k , with k = n − 4. In some older books and papers , E 2 and E 4 are used as names for G 2 and F 4 .The En group is similar to the An group, except the nth node is connected to the 3rd node. So the Cartan matrix appears similar, -1 above and below the diagonal, except for the last row and column, have −1 in the third row and column. The determinant of the Cartan matrix for En is 9 − n .E3 is another name for the Lie algebra A 1 A 2 of dimension 11, with Cartan determinant 6.: E4 is another name for the Lie algebra A 4 of dimension 24, with Cartan determinant 5.: E5 is another name for the Lie algebra D 5 of dimension 45, with Cartan determinant 4.: E6 is the exceptional Lie algebra of dimension 78, with Cartan determinant 3.: E7 is the exceptional Lie algebra of dimension 133, with Cartan determinant 2.: E8 is the exceptional Lie algebra of dimension 248 , with Cartan determinant 1.:Infinite-dimensional Lie algebras E9 is another name for the infinite-dimensional affine Lie algebra as a corresponding to the Lie algebra of type E8 . E9 has a Cartan matrix with determinant 0.: E10 ^ as a is an infinite-dimensional Kac–Moody algebra whose root lattice is the even Lorentzian unimodular lattice II9,1 of dimension 10. Some of its root multiplicities have been calculated; for small roots the multiplicities seem to be well behaved , but for larger roots the observed patterns break down . E10 has a Cartan matrix with determinant −1: : E11 is a Lorentzian algebra , containing one time-like imaginary dimension, that has been conjectured to generate the symmetry "group" of M-theory . En ' for n''≥12 is an infinite-dimensional Kac–Moody algebra that has not been studied much.Root lattice The root lattice of E n has determinant 9 − n , and can be constructed as the lattice of vectors in the unimodular Lorentzian lattice Z n ,1 that are orthogonal to the vector of norm n × 12 − 32 = n − 9.E7½ Landsberg and Manivel extended the definition of En for integer n to include the case n = 7½. They did this in order to fill the "hole" in dimension formulae for representations of the En series which was observed by Cvitanovic, Deligne, Cohen and de Man. E7½ has dimension 190, but is not a simple Lie algebra: it contains a 57 dimensional Heisenberg algebra as its nilradical .
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