Engineering education in India


is one of the largest producers of engineers in the world. In India, there are numerous engineering colleges imparting undergraduate and graduate courses in engineering, applied engineering and sciences. The National Institutes of Technology and Indian Institutes of Technology are considered the most prestigious engineering institutes in India.

Indian Institutes of Technology

The Indian Institutes of Technology has 23 centers located in Bhubaneswar, Bombay, Delhi, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, Mandi, Patna, Roorkee, Ropar, Dhanbad, Palakkad, Tirupati, Bhilai, Goa, Jammu, Dharwad and Varanasi. All IITs enjoy the status of the Institutes of National Importance and are autonomous universities that draft their own curricula. Many IITs are members of LAOTSE, an international network of universities in Europe and Asia. LAOTSE membership allows the IITs to exchange students and senior scholars with universities in other countries.
Admission to undergraduate B.Tech and integrated M.Tech programs are through JEE Advanced in which around 150,000 students appear annually out of which only around 11,032 get selected. These 150,000 students are initially sorted out by the JEE Mains which is conducted by the NTA. Around 1.3 million students appear for this exam. Admission to most postgraduate courses in IITs is granted through various written entrance examinations: GATE, JAM and CEED. The admission for Ph.D. program is based primarily on a personal interview, though candidates may also have to appear for written tests. The IITs are also well known for their special reservation policy, which is significantly different from the one applied in other educational institutions of India.

National Institutes of Technology

The National Institutes of Technology are colleges of engineering and technology education in India. All NITs enjoy the status of the Institutes of National Importance and are autonomous universities that draft their own curricula. They were originally called Regional Engineering Colleges. In 2002, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, decided to upgrade, in phases, all the original 17 RECs as NITs. There are currently 31 NITs, with the inception of 10 new NITs in the year 2010 and another in 2015. The 31 NITs are located in Allahabad, Agartala, Bhopal, Durgapur, Hamirpur, Kozhikode, Kurukshetra, Jalandhar, Jamshedpur, Jaipur, Nagpur, Patna, Raipur, Rourkela, Silchar, Srinagar, Surathkal, Surat, Tiruchirappalli, Warangal, Yupia, New Delhi, Farmagudi, Imphal, Shillong, Aizawl, Dimapur, Karaikal, Ravangla, Srinagar and Tadepalligudem. The Government of India has introduced the National Institutes of Technology Act 2010 to bring 31 such institutions within the ambit of the act and to provide them with complete autonomy in their functioning. The NITs are deliberately scattered throughout the country in line with the government norm of an NIT in every major state of India to promote regional development. The individual NITs, after the introduction of the NIT Act, have been functioning as autonomous technical universities and hence can draft their own curriculum and functioning policies. The admission to undergraduate programs of all the NITs was done by the All India Engineering Entrance Examination popularly known as AIEEE. From the year 2013, AIEEE was replaced by JEE-Main in which 40% weightage was given to the Higher Secondary results and 60% weightage was given to the JEE results. However, the weightage of Higher Secondary result was made to be 0% from the year 2017 onwards and it was only given as an eligibility criteria. The examination is objective by nature and is conducted by the National Testing Agency from the year 2019. The exam was previously conducted by CBSE. More than fourteen lakh applicants took part in 2013 for approximately 15500 seats in the B. Tech and B. Arch programmes available in all the NITs put together.

Other institutions

The Indian Institutes of Information Technology, the International Institutes of Information Technology, the Indian Institutes of Engineering Science and Technology, and the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani are other notable engineering institutions in India.

The Institution of Engineers (India)

was established in 1920 in Kolkata, West Bengal and is acclaimed to have pioneered education in Engineering. IEI conducts an examination for its Associate Membership. This examination is considered as B.E. / B.Tech. when contemplated as o write competitive examinations like the Indian Civil Service, Indian Engineering Services, GATE, etc., and for employment in Government, public and private sectors in India. This qualification is recognised by Ministry of HRD, Government of India as equivalent to B.E./ B.Tech.
There are 2 sections, namely Section A and Section B, who passed both of section he will be chartered engineer, chartered engineer is considered as bachelor's degree in all National and International bodies.
As per AICTE, AMIE is recognized as equivalent to bachelor's degree in appropriate branch of engineering, to those who had enrolled themselves with the institution on or before 31 May 2013. Refer notification from AICTE website. .

AICTE approved institutes by state

List of AICTE approved institutes by state, for the academic year 2017-2018:
S.NoState/Union TerritoryNumber of Engineering Institutes
1Andaman & Nicobar Islands1
2Andhra Pradesh149
3Arunachal Pradesh24
4Assam37
5Bihar107
6Chandigarh14
7Chhattisgarh73
8Dadra and Nagar Haveli3
9Daman and Diu2
10Delhi56
11Goa17
12Gujarat197
13Haryana226
14Himachal Pradesh64
15Jammu & Kashmir53
16Jharkhand73
17Karnataka157
18Kerala129
19Madhya Pradesh241
20Maharashtra334
21Manipur4
22Meghalaya7
23Mizoram4
24Nagaland8
25Odisha242
26Puducherry29
27Punjab302
28Rajasthan281
29Sikkim5
30Tamil Nadu314
31Telangana253
32Tripura13
33Uttar Pradesh574
34Uttarakhand117
35West Bengal172
-Total4282

Corruption in Engineering Education

Some of the engineering colleges have been known for involving themselves in the illegal practice of capitation fee. All India Council for Technical Education, the regulatory body for technical education in India, has called "upon the students, parents and the general public not to pay any capitation fee or any other fee other than that mentioned in the Prospectus of the Institutions for consideration of admission.". AICTE also mentions that the fee charged from students, has to be approved by the fee regulatory committee of the state, and the institute should mention the fee in its website. As per AICTE norms, the educational institutions are not meant to charge a fee higher than what is mentioned in the prospectus. Educational regulatory agencies such as UGC and regional level fee regulating bodies has mandated that an institution should include the fee in the prospectus.