Equipment of a combat medic
This article discusses the standard equipment of a combat medic.
Combat Medics may put themselves in greater harm than many other roles on the battlefield. In the type of asymmetric warfare which typifies modern conflicts, the enemy may or may not have respect for the laws of war and may or may not in fact actively target medics for the significant value they have in keeping the unit combat-effective. Thus, in most modern forces, medics are armed and do not wear large identifying red cross insignia. A rifle or carbine is standard, often augmented with a sidearm because the medic may have to pass his rifle off to his patient or fellow war fighter in order to treat the wounded.
Noting that when not on patrol or deployment combat medics may be posted to a clinic style medical centre where they treat soldiers in an outpatient primary healthcare style.
Arms and insignia
While many historical medics were unarmed and marked, most modern medics are unmarked, and armed with smallarms. Chaplains can also carry weapons to defend themselves. In Chapter II of the Geneva Convention of 1929 Article 8 states: A sanitary formation or establishment shall not be deprived of the protection of Article 6 by the fact:- that the personnel of the formation or establishment is armed and uses their arms in self-defense or defense of wounded and sick personnel
- that in the absence of armed hospital attendants the formation is guarded by an armed detachment or by sentinels
- that hand firearms or ammunition taken from the wounded and sick and not yet turned over to the proper authorities are found in the formation or establishment;
- that there is found in the formation or establishment personnel or materiel of the veterinary service which does not integrally belong to it
- An M4 rifle and/or an M9 pistol.
- A MOLLE Vest with a full "combat load," being 210 rounds for the M-4/M-16 rifle.
- An IBA or Interceptor Body Armor, now being phased out in favor for the newer IOTV;
- The Army Combat Uniform;
- An ACH, or Advanced Combat Helmet.
Medical Equipment
Fluid Resuscitation
- IV fluids and tubing. The amount and the exact fluid solution will vary on the length and type of the mission. Normal Saline/0.9% Sodium Chloride, Hetastarch/Hextend, and Lactated Ringers Solution are usually carried.
- 18, 16, and 14 gauge IV catheters.
- IO intraosseous infusion access kit. This may come in the form of a B.I.G device or more commonly the EZ IO Drill. Historically the FAST 1 Kit has been used to gain IO access with this becoming less popular as technology develops.
- CAT, SOFT-T or improvised tourniquets. Tourniquets are used for the care under fire phase of tactical combat casualty care, to stop massive life-threatening hemorrhage. Noting that improvised tourniquets are seldom effective.
- Emergency Trauma Bandages, a newer version of the first aid pressure dressing.
- Wound Packing Gauze, for stopping hemorrhage, or creating a bulky dressing.
- Hemostatic agents, such as Celox, Hemcon bandages, and others. Some hemostatic agents are controversial due to history of being thermodynamic and causing burns to the patient. This type has been phased out with newer versions which do not cause burns.
- 14 gauge catheter, at least 3.25 inches long, for needle chest decompression.
- Asherman chest seal, Bolin chest seal or Hyfin chest seal, as an occlusive dressing for sucking chest wounds.
- Nasopharyngeal Airway with surgical lubricant. This flexible tube secures a nasal airway when the casualty does not have, or may lose their ability to keep their own airway open. Contraindicated by signs of skull fracture. If lubricant is not present for insertion, the patient's spit or blood may be used as a substitute.
- Oropharyngeal Airway, a hard "J" shaped plastic device that secures an oral airway by holding the tongue muscle forward, OPAs can also be used to keep the teeth open for a more permanent airway device.
- I-Gel Laryngeal Airway Device, these secure the patient's airway without the need to inflate the product, resulting in a more rapid insertion.
- King LTD, a simple tube airway with an inflatable cuff to create a sealed airway.
- Combitube, like a King LTD, but designed to be able to function almost no matter how the tube is placed due to the dual lumen tube design. These are being phased out.
- Surgical Cricothyrotomy kit. Many different styles and kits exist, the choice is up to the individual medic's supply, protocols or preference. The most simple is a scalpel to open an airway and to use an NPA to keep the airway patent.
- Alcohol or Providine/Iodine swabs
- Cravats
- Assorted gauze roller bandages
- Band-Aids
- Assorted sizes of tape
- Assorted hypodermic needles and syringes
- Water Gel burns dressing
- Small sharps container
- Safety pins
- Gloves, Patient Examination. Often hypoallergenic nitrile
- Tactical Combat Casualty Card
- Sharpie Fine Point Permanent Marker Black
- A Combat Medic may also carry other supplies as the mission dictates. A stethoscope, blood pressure cuff, pulse oximeter, otoscope, ophthalmoscope, and thermometer may help the medic treat his/her soldiers or civilians on the battlefield while on an extended mission, as space dictates.
- Paramedic Trauma Shears
- Benchmade Model 8 Rescue Hook
- Stretcher with stretcher bearer
- SAM Splint—a flexible, reusable splint with a metal core covered in closed cell foam.
- Ace Bandages
- Extrication Collar - C-Spine Immobilization
- Coban, a stretchy, self clinging wrap/gauze
- Blizzard Survival Blanket OD Green
- Ready-Heat Disposable Heated Blanket
- Us Army Blanket, Combat Casualty
- Us Army Blanket, Combat Casualty Type 2
- NAR Hypothermia Prevention and Management Kit
- Combat Casualty Lightweight Blanket
- Morphine
- Antibiotics
- Narcan, a narcotics antagonist, to counter morphine's respiratory-depressing effects.
- Phenergan, an anti-nausea treatment, which also increases the pain-reducing effects of morphine.
- Epi-pen, epinephrine in an auto injecting "pen" to counter anaphylactic reactions.
- acetaminophen, anti-pyretic and pain reducer.
- Naproxen and ibuprofen, different NSAIDs which reduce pain and inflammation.
- Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine with a sedative side effect.
- Pseudoephedrine, a nasal decongestant.
- Guaifenesin, an expectorant.
- Loperamide an anti-diarrheal agent.
- Pepto Bismol tablets, to settle upset stomachs, treat diarrhea, and heartburn.
- Docusate sodium, a low strength stool softener.