European institutions in Strasbourg


There are a range of European institutions in Strasbourg, the oldest of which dates back to 1815. In all, there are more than twenty different institutions based in the Alsatian city.

Area

The European Quarter is spread over an area covering the districts of Wacken, Orangerie and Robertsau in the north-west of the city and comprising the intersection of the River Ill and the Marne-Rhine Canal. The first specific European building in the area was the Council of Europe's House of Europe in 1949, with the Rhine Commission being located towards the centre of the city. The Audiovisual Observatory and the Institute for Human Rights are the only institutions in the quarter to have moved into pre-existing premises: a 1900 villa and an 18th-century former postal relay station and inn turned conventual building, respectively. The Arte headquarters, previously disseminated on several buildings across the town, were united in a single spacious building close to the Louise Weiss building in 2003.
November 2007 saw the extension of the Strasbourg tramway into the European Quarter, with the inauguration by European Parliament president Hans-Gert Pöttering, CoE Secretary general Terry Davis and Eurocorps Lieutenant General Pedro Pitarch of the Parlement européen, Droits de l'homme and Robertsau Boecklin tram stations. The newest Council of Europe buildings were inaugurated in 2006 and 2008, and the newest European Union building was inaugurated in 2017.
In all, there are fourteen different buildings in the European Quarter: seven belonging to the Council of Europe, five belonging to the European Union, plus Arte and the IIHR.
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History and institutions

The first European institution to be based in the city was the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine. Set up in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, it is the oldest international organisation in the world but has only been based in Strasbourg since 1920. Its function is to encourage European prosperity by guaranteeing a high level of security for navigation of the Rhine and environs.
However the bulk of the European presence in Strasbourg comes from the post-Second World War establishment of institutions. The move towards European integration pushed for the creation of new bodies. The first of these to be established was the International Commission on Civil Status, founded in 1948 and predating the Council of Europe by a few months. The progressive establishment of a peaceful, unified and prosperous Europe then followed through the founding of the Council of Europe, and its related bodies, as well as the European Coal and Steel Community. Both the Council of Europe and the European Union increasingly work together, notably to enforce the Council of Europe's European Convention on Human Rights.
One of the main impulses of making Strasbourg into the seat of numerous European institutions came from British Foreign Minister Ernest Bevin, one of whose closest advisors had a daughter who had studied in the city. While Bevin publicly acknowledged that the multi-cultural, multi-confessionnal aspect of the city as well as its geographic situation in the heart of Europe were the criteria on which it was chosen, he privately gave a completely different reason: "Strasbourg? Perfect, no one will go there."

Council of Europe

The Council of Europe has eight buildings in the district; its main building used to be shared with the European Parliament. The first building to be completed was the House of Europe, inaugurated in 1950 but torn down in 1977 when it was replaced by the current Palace of Europe.
The Palace of Europe and the Art Nouveau Villa Schutzenberger are located in the Orangerie district, the European Youth Centre is located in the Wacken district and the European Court of Human Rights building, the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and the Agora building are situated in the Robertsau district. The Agora building has been voted "best international business center real estate project of 2007" and marked the provisional end of new building by the Council of Europe.
Due to persistent budgetary shortages, it was reported in 2010 that the Council of Europe was expected to cut down significantly the number of its activities, and thus the number of its employees, from 2011 onwards. This was expected to notably affect the economy of the city of Strasbourg.
buildings ; Louise Weiss, Winston Churchill, Pierre Pflimlin, Václav Havel. Council of Europe buildings ; Palace of Europe, Bâtiment D, European Court of Human Rights.

European Parliament

The European Parliament has five buildings in the quarter. It previously used the hemicycle of the Council of Europe to hold its meetings until 1999 when it completed its main building, the Louise Weiss building, across the river from the Palace of Europe. It is connected by a bridge to its older office buildings, Pierre Pflimlin, Winston Churchill and Salvador de Madariaga, which are spread out in a broad half circle around the Palace of Europe.
The Václav Havel building, inaugurated on 5 July 2017, was originally built in 1955 for the Council of Europe, which used it as "Building B" until 2007. In 2012, it was bought by the European Parliament, which renovated it thoroughly, completely transforming its appearance.

Controversy

The location of Parliament has caused some controversy, as its work takes place not only in Strasbourg but also in Brussels and Luxembourg City. The split arrangement has caused financial, environmental and practical difficulties, with the Strasbourg location usually being cited as the extraneous location rather than Brussels.

European studies

The École nationale d'administration, founded in 1945 in Paris, was moved to Strasbourg by decree in 1991 and permanently established there in 2005. In the course of its refocusing on European governance, it merged with the Centre d'études européennes de Strasbourg of the University of Strasbourg and subtitled itself École européenne de gouvernance.
Another related academic institution is the Institut des hautes études européennes, located in the Art Nouveau former Villa Knopf, close to the Parliament and the CoE. This school was founded in 1953 and was then called Centre universitaire des hautes études européennes.

Accredited European School

The European School of Strasbourg was inaugurated by French education minister Xavier Darcos on 4 September 2008. It is the first of the Accredited European Schools, offering the European Baccalaureate as its secondary leaving qualification, to have been established in France.

Information relays

Strasbourg also serves as the seat of diverse information relays of the European Union, such as the Information Centre on European Institutions, the Euro-Info Centre, the MEDIA Antenna and the European Documentation Centre as well as the European Job Mobility Portal, the EURES network. The city also hosted the automated computerised network Schengen Information System and currently hosts the central unit of its new version, the Schengen Information System II, a back-up unit being located in Austria.

Other bodies

Other bodies based in the city, most of them unrelated either to the Council of Europe or the European Union but working in more or less close association with them, are: International Commission on Civil Status, Eurocorps, the International Institute of Human Rights, the European Science Foundation, EuroScience, the Assembly of European Regions and the Human Frontier Science Program. Strasbourg is also, since its inception in 1991, the main seat of the Franco-German television channel Arte. Starting from its establishing date on 1 December 2012, also the new European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice has his operational HQ in Strasbourg.
Finally, Strasbourg also hosts the association Apollonia, which defines itself as "a platform of cooperation in the area of the visual arts between European countries and, more specifically, with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the countries along the Baltic Sea and in the South Caucasus." The association was created on the basis of work conducted since 1994 by the Council of Europe within the framework of the Program of European Artistic Exchanges.

Political status

Twenty institutions have their sole seat, or one of their main seats, in Strasbourg. Due to this concentration in such a small area, Strasbourg, like Brussels, claims the title of "capital of Europe". While Brussels is the capital city of the trilingual state of Belgium, Strasbourg has had long periods of rule by both France or Germany, assimilating both of their cultures and languages. Strasbourg also has the distinction of being one of only four cities to host major international institutions without being a capital.
Brussels claims the title of "Capital of Europe" in reference to the European Union, while Strasbourg refers to the continent as a whole. In regards to the European Union, Strasbourg sometimes claims to be the 'democratic' or 'legislative' capital while classing Brussels as the 'administrative' or 'executive' capital.
In 2005, the urban area of Greater Strasbourg formed a small political community consisting of some common administration with its neighbouring German Ortenau district in Baden-Württemberg on the opposite side of the Rhine. The combined population of this district was 868,000 as of 2006 and there are plans to extend the Strasbourg trams across the Rhine into these areas.