Exclusive economic zone of Malaysia


claims an exclusive economic zone of with from its shores. The EEZ includes much of the southern area of the South China Sea. Malaysia has the 29th longest coastline of. The coastline comprises two distinct parts of Malaysia. The Peninsular Malaysia's coastline to the west is and East Malaysia's coastline is. They are separated by the South China Sea. The total land area, including inland bodies of water, of Malaysia is. Peninsular Malaysia borders Thailand in the north, while East Malaysia borders Brunei and Indonesia on the island of Borneo.

Disputes

Territory

Malaysia has territorial disputes in the South China Sea mainly with the People's Republic of China. Malaysia rejects China's Nine-Dash Line claim which covers most of the South China Sea and extends much further than from China's shoreline. The Nine-Dash line runs through Malaysia's Exclusive Economic Zone in the South China Sea and would reduce Malaysia's EEZ by 2/5th.
In the latter half of the 1970s, Malaysia and the Philippines began referring to the Spratly Islands as included in their own territory. On 11 June 1978, President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines issued the Presidential decree No. 1596, declaring the north-western part of the Spratly Islands as Philippine territory. Since the 1990s, Malaysia occupies 5 of the Spratly Islands. China's construction of artificial islands and military bases has shifted the balance of power mostly towards China in the South China Sea.

Illegal fishing

There are recorded illegal fishing activities by Filipino and Vietnamese fishing boats in Malaysia's EEZ. Such as in 2016 they were caught and detained by the Malaysian navy. This is due to an increase in demand for seafood. There is a shrinking stock of marine life due to pollution and excessive fishing. Vietnamese fishermen travel further away from Vietnam due to severe water pollution by a Taiwanese steel plant in Vietnam which damaged marine life.
On 5 April 2016, Indonesian authorities destroyed 23 illegal Vietnamese and Malaysian fishing boats that were trespassing its Indonesia's EEZ.

Piracy

There are Indonesian pirates who frequently attack Malaysian, Singaporean and Vietnamese vessels. They occasionally hijack such as the MT Orkim Harmony and MT Zafirah hijacking incidents. Filipino pirates operate in the Sulu Sea and they can reach the South China Sea. This is near the Malaysian state of Sabah located on the northern portion of Borneo.