Expedition 25


Expedition 25 was the 25th long-duration mission to the International Space Station. Expedition 25 began with the Soyuz TMA-18 undocking on 25 September 2010. Three new crewmembers arrived aboard the ISS 10 October 2010 on Soyuz TMA-01M to join Douglas Wheelock, Fyodor Yurchikhin and Shannon Walker, and formed the full six member crew of Expedition 25. NASA astronaut Doug Wheelock accepted command of Expedition 25 on 22 September 2010, taking over from Russia's Aleksandr Skvortsov. The departure of Wheelock, Walker and Yurchikhin on 25 November 2010 marked the official end of Expedition 25.
During Expedition 25 Progress M-08M spacecraft visited the ISS, docking with the space station on 30 October 2010 bringing 2.5 tons of cargo supplies. Space shuttle Discovery on STS-133 mission was scheduled to arrive at the ISS on 3 November 2010 but was rescheduled for launch on 3 February 2011. The 10th anniversary of human life, work and research on the ISS fell during Expedition 25. On 2 November 2000, Expedition 1 Commander William Shepherd and Flight Engineers Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko became the first residents of the space station. Expedition 25 ended on 26 November.

Crew

;Source: NASA

Backup crew

At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 25 Soyuz Commander Alexander Kaleri, NASA Flight Engineer Scott Kelly and Russian Flight Engineer Oleg Skripochka participated in a variety of activities from 26 September to 4 October 2010 as they prepared for their launch on 8 October 2010 in their Soyuz TMA-01M spacecraft to the International Space Station. The footage includes the crew's arrival in Baikonur, their suited and unsuited fit checks in their Soyuz spacecraft, the raising of flags outside their Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters and other traditional activities. The Soyuz TMA-01M spacecraft was mated to its booster in a processing facility for its rollout to the launch pad in Baikonur 5 October 2010.
The Soyuz TMA-01M spacecraft and booster rocket were moved to Launch Complex 5 at Baikonur Cosmodrome on a rail-car 5 October 2010 for final preparations prior to launch.

Experiments

Russian Federal Space Agency revealed that during Expedition 25 and 26, 504 sessions of 41 experiments are planned to be implemented. The new experiments include, Molniya-Gamma, Sprut-2, UHF-radiometry, SLS, VIRU, Test and Colon Crystal.
Experiments to be carried out include:
FieldExperimentNotes
Life scienceSonocard, Pilot, Vzaimodeystviye, Tipologia, Pneumocard, Sprut-2, BioriskThe Biorisk experiment aims to study the effects of microbial bacteria and fungus on structural materials used in spacecraft construction.
Geophysical researchRelaxation, Uragan, Impulse, Vsplesk, Shadow-Beacon, Molniya-GammaThe Molniya-Gamma experiment measures gamma rays and optical radiation during terrestrial lightning and thunder conditions to study terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and upper-atmospheric lightning.
Remote sensingMW-radiometry, Rusalka, Zeiner, EconThe Rusalka experiment is a test of procedures for remote determination of Methane and Carbon Dioxide content in the Earth's atmosphere.
Space biotechnologyLactolen, Biotrek, Biodegradatsia, Zhinseng-2, Structure, Constanta
Technical researchVektor-T, Izgib, Identification, Veterok, SLS, Sreda-MKS, Contur, VIRU, Bar, Test, RadioSkaf
Contract activitiesEXPOSE-RExpose-R experiment is a European Space Agency experiment designed to expose organic material to the extreme environment of space.
Study of cosmic raysBTN-Neutron, Matryoshka-R
Educational and humanitarian projectsMAI-75, Colon Crystal
Space technology and material scienceCrystallizator, Plasma crystal

Mission highlights

Progress M-05M undocking

The Russian resupply spacecraft Progress M-05M, which came to the station in May 2010, was undocked on 25 October 2010 to make room for another resupply spacecraft – Progress M-08M.

Progress M-08M

spacecraft delivered about 2.5 tons of cargo supplies including water, air, fuel and hardware for the Russian Molniya-Gamma and Coulomb Crystal experiments to the station.
The Soyuz-U carrier rocket with Progress M-08M, identified by NASA as Progress 40 or 40P, was launched from the Baikonur's Gagarin's launch pad at 15:11:50 UTC on 27 October 2010. After three days of autonomous flight, at 16:36 UTC on 30 October 2010 Progress M-08M docked with the Pirs module nadir port. A problem during Progress' approach to the space station forced cosmonauts on the station to intervene. During station-keeping as part of the rendezvous operations, flight controllers in Moscow instructed cosmonaut Alexander Kaleri to activate the TORU manual docking equipment and take over the piloting tasks from the Progress' autonomous KURS system. The switch to manual mode was decided at range of 194 m. Kaleri worked inside the space station's Zvezda module to fly Progress M-08M remotely using television views and a pair of joysticks and guided it to the successful docking.

Spacewalks

‡ denotes spacewalks performed from the Pirs docking compartment in Russian Orlan suits.