Extreme points of Europe

Extremes of the European continent, including islands

• Northernmost point. Cape Fligely, Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land, Russia. Franz Josef Land is near the ill-defined border between Europe and Asia; if it is not considered a part of Europe, then the northernmost point is on the island of Rossøya, Svalbard, Norway.
• Southernmost point. Cape Trypiti, Gavdos Island, Greece is the least ambiguous southernmost point of Europe. However, there are other contenders, depending on definition.The island of Cyprus has cultural links with Europe and it is also part of European Union; Cyprus' southernmost point is the British base at Akrotiri. The Portuguese islands of Madeira are borderline between Europe and Africa; their southernmost point is the Savage Islands. La Restinga on the island of El Hierro in the Spanish Canary Islands is yet further south and could be considered politically, though not physiographically as part of Europe. Bonaire, southernmost of three Caribbean special municipalities of the Netherlands, collectively known as the "Caribbean Netherlands “ could be considered politically as part of Europe. The commune of Saint-Joseph, Réunion in the Indian Ocean is the southernmost point of the overseas regions of France, at 21°22′43″S.
• Westernmost point. Monchique Islet, Azores Islands, Portugal . If not, then the Capelinhos Volcano, Faial Island, Azores Islands, Portugal, the westernmost point of the Eurasian Plate above sea level.
• Easternmost point. Cape Flissingsky, Severny Island, Novaya Zemlya, Russia.

  Mainland Europe

• Northernmost point. Cape Nordkinn, Norway
• Southernmost point. Punta de Tarifa, Spain
• Westernmost point. Cabo da Roca, Portugal.
• Easternmost point. The easternmost point is dependent upon the various definitions of Europe's eastern border. Utilizing the most common definition of Europe's eastern edge, the easternmost point of the Ural watershed lies on an unnamed 545 metre peak at as shown on various detailed maps such as the Soviet General Staff maps and as shown on Google Earth/Maps. This peak is 17 km northeast of an 875-metre peak named Gora Anoraga and 60 km southwest of Ostrov Lediyev on Arctic waters south of the Kara Sea.

  Elevation

• Highest point. The highest point is dependent upon the definition of Europe:
• *The Caucasus Mountains watershed divide is the most common definition for the European/Asian border. This places the highest point at Mount Elbrus, Russia, which is 11 km onto the European side of the Caucasus watershed divide.
• *If the Caucasus mountains are excluded, the highest point is Mont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy.
• Lowest point . Caspian Sea shore, Russia.
• Lowest point . Calypso Deep, Ionian Sea, Greece.
• Lowest point . Dependent upon the definition of Europe: either Krubera Cave, Abkhazia, Georgia or Lamprechtsofen, Austria.
• Lowest point . Hambach surface mine, Germany. Also deepest of the world.
• Lowest point . Kola Superdeep Borehole, Russia. Also the deepest artificial point on Earth.

  Highest attainable by transportation

• Cable car – Klein Matterhorn, Switzerland
• Funicular – Mittelallalin, Switzerland
• Train – Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
• Train – Bernina Pass, Switzerland
• Restricted access paved road – Veleta, Spain
• Paved road – Ötztal Glacier Road, Austria
• Paved road – Col de l'Iseran, France

  Lowest attainable by transportation

• Lowest public tunnel – Eiksund Tunnel, Norway