Ezulwini Consensus

Background

Agreement

Collective security - preventive measures

• Underlining the serious threats posed by HIV/AIDS, poverty, and environmental degradation
• Encouraging debts of highly indebted states to be written off
• Recommending adoption of the Lomé Declaration and Algiers Declaration on Unconstitutional Changes of Governments.
• Calling for an end to illicit manufacturing, trade, and stockpiling of small arms & light weapons.
• Recommending steps toward "complete elimination of nuclear weapons"

  Collective security - use of force

• A cautious approach to the Responsibility to protect: "It is important to reiterate the obligation of states to protect their citizens, but this should not be used as a pretext to undermine the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of states."
• Prohibiting any use of force outside Article 51 of the UN Charter and Article 4h of AU.
• Calling for the UN to fund and support peacekeeping forces provided by regional organisations such as the AU.
• Proposing a Peacebuilding Commission.

  United Nations reform

• At least two permanent seats, and five non-permanent seats on the Security Council.
• The African Union would choose which African governments get the seats.
• Further calls for ECOSOC to be strengthened.

  Sirte Declaration

Related agreements

• Responsibility to protect
• Algiers Convention on Terrorism
• Lomé Declaration
• Algiers Declaration