F minor F minor is a minor scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G , A , B , C , D , and E . Its key signature consists of four flats . Its relative major is A-flat major and its parallel major is F major . Its enharmonic equivalent, E-sharp minor, has eight sharps , including the double sharp F, which makes it rarely used. The F natural minor scale is: Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:Music in F minor Famous pieces in the key of F minor include Beethoven's Appassionata Sonata , Chopin's Piano Concerto No. 2, Haydn's Symphony No. 49, La Passione and Tchaikovsky’s Symphony No. 4.Glenn Gould once said if he could be any key , he would be F minor, because "it's rather dour, halfway between complex and stable, between upright and lascivious, between gray and highly tinted... There is a certain obliqueness."Helmholtz once described F minor as harrowing and melancholy. Schubart described this key as "Deep depression, funereal lament, groans of misery and longing for the grave".Notable compositions Antonio Vivaldi *"Winter" from The Four Seasons , RV 297 Johann Sebastian Bach *Harpsichord Concerto No. 5 *"Ich ruf zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ", BWV 639 Joseph Haydn *Symphony No. 49, La Passione *Variations in F minor Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart *Aria "L'ho perduta, me meschina" from The Marriage of Figaro KV 492 , Act 4 *Adagio and Allegro in F minor for a mechanical organ, K. 594 Ludwig van Beethoven *Egmont Op. 84: Overture in F Minor *Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 2/1 *Piano Sonata No. 23, Op. 57 *String Quartet No. 11 "Serioso", Op. 95 Felix Mendelssohn *String Quartet No. 6 Frédéric Chopin *Ballade No. 4, Op. 52 *Fantaisie in F minor, Op. 49 *Étude Op. 10, No. 9 *Étude Op. 25, No. 2 "Bees" *Prelude Op. 28, No. 18 "Suicide" *Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 21 *Nocturne in F minor, Op. 55 No. 1 *Mazurka Op. 63 No. 2 *Mazurka Op. 68 No. 4 Charles-Valentin Alkan * Prelude Op. 31, No. 2 * Symphony for Solo Piano, 2nd movement: Marche funèbre Franz Liszt *Funérailles *Transcendental Etude No. 10 "Appassionata" *Mazurka In F Minor S.221a Franz Schubert *Fantasia in F minor *Impromptu No. 1, Op. 142 *Impromptu No. 4, Op. 142 Johannes Brahms *Piano Quintet Op. 34 *Piano Sonata No. 3 Op. 5 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky *Symphony No. 4 *The Tempest *Romance for piano, Op. 5 Anton Bruckner *Mass No. 3 Alexander Borodin *String Quintet Paul Dukas *L'apprenti sorcier Dmitri Shostakovich *Symphony No. 1 *String Quartet No. 11 Op. 122E-sharp minor E-sharp minor is a theoretical key based on the musical note E and consisting of the pitches E, F, G, A, B, C and D. Its key signature has six sharps and one double sharp. The E-sharp natural minor scale is: Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are: Its relative major is G-sharp major , which is usually replaced by A-flat major. Its parallel major, E-sharp major, is usually replaced by F major, due to the presence of 4 double-sharps in the E-sharp major scale causing it to be one of the more impractical key signatures in music to use. Although E-sharp minor is usually notated as F minor, it could be used on a local level, such as bars 17 to 22 in Johann Sebastian Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier , Book 1 , Prelude and Fugue No. 3 in C-sharp major .
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