Far Beyond the Stars


"Far Beyond the Stars" is the 137th episode of the syndicated science fiction television series , the 13th episode of. The teleplay was written by Ira Steven Behr and Hans Beimler, based on a story by Marc Scott Zicree, and directed by Avery Brooks. Almost the full cast of DS9 portrays human characters, without their alien costumes.
Set in the 24th century, the series takes place on Deep Space Nine, a fictional space station in orbit of the galaxy's only known stable wormhole. In the episode, the stress of the war is getting to Benjamin Sisko and his dream-like visions recur during a visit from his father. Inside Sisko's mind, reality and fantasy mix into a vision set in mid-20th century New York City. The episode was novelized by Steven Barnes.
The episode received positive reviews and has been noted as one of the best episodes of the series.

Plot

Distraught by the death of a close friend in the Dominion War, Captain Benjamin Sisko speaks with his father about leaving Starfleet, but as the two talk, Sisko is distracted by a vision of a man dressed in 20th-century clothes. When Sisko's visions become more frequent and pervasive, Dr. Bashir examines him, and finds similar brain activity to a prior episode of visions Sisko experienced.
Suddenly, Sisko is taken over by his vision, becoming Benny Russell, an African-American science fiction writer in 1950s New York City. Russell writes for the science fiction magazine Incredible Tales and most of the people he encounters bear the likeness of people from Sisko's life on the station. He runs into his coworker Albert Macklin and the two walk to work together. There, short-tempered left-wing writer Herbert Rossoff argues with magazine editor Douglas Pabst over donuts, while writers Kay Eaton, a.k.a. K. C. Hunter and Julius Eaton banter in the background. The magazine's illustrator Roy Ritterhouse arrives with a stack of sketches for the next edition. Russell is particularly drawn to a sketch of a space station much like Deep Space 9, and decides to write a story for it. When Pabst announces the next edition will include photos of the staff, he suggests Kay "sleep late" that morning, as the public would not respond well to the revelation she is a woman. Russell objects, realizing that he will be excluded too, but Pabst stands firm, choosing to conform to the prevailing public opinion.
Leaving the office that night, a gust of wind takes Russell's drawing, which lands at the feet of two police officers, Burt Ryan and Kevin Mulkahey. The officers hassle and question Russell but let him go with a "warning". Russell then encounters a preacher who seems to be speaking directly to him, imploring him to "write those words" in the name of "the Prophets". He goes home and begins to write.
Some time later, he finishes his story, "Deep Space Nine", about a black captain of a space station. He shows it to his girlfriend Cassie, who instead wants the two of them to buy the diner where she works, doubting his ability to earn a good living as a writer. Their discussion is interrupted by the arrival of the baseball player, Willie Hawkins. He and Russell have a semi-friendly rivalry going over Cassie, though Cassie makes it clear that her heart belongs to Russell. A local hustler, Jimmy, laughs at his idea of "colored people on the Moon". At the magazine, the entire staff loves his story, especially Pabst's new secretary Darlene Kursky. Pabst refuses to print it and Russell refuses to change his story.
Instead of rewriting the story for Pabst, Russell decides to write six sequels to his story, angering Pabst, until Macklin devises a compromise: Russell's story will be a dream. Russell insists the dreamer also be black, to which Pabst consents. While Russell and Cassie are out celebrating, they hear gunshots and find that Jimmy has been shot and killed by Officers Ryan and Mulkahey, ostensibly for trying to break into a car. When Benny protests this injustice, they beat him savagely.
Weeks later, on his first day back at the office, Benny is excited to see his story in print. Pabst arrives empty-handed, the whole month's run of the magazine has been pulped; the owner wouldn't publish a story featuring a black hero. Pabst tells Benny he is being forced to fire him as well. Benny breaks down; he screams that they cannot destroy his ideas and the future he envisions is real. He collapses to the floor sobbing and is taken away by an ambulance. As he falls unconscious, he looks through the window and, rather than the city, sees stars streaking past. The preacher sits by him and tells him that he is both the dreamer and the dream. Sisko wakes up back on the station. He is deeply moved by his vision and wonders if somewhere, far beyond the stars, Benny Russell is dreaming of Deep Space Nine.

Production

Conception

Zicree's original pitch for the episode featured Jake Sisko as the main character, and did not deal directly with racial issues. Zicree originally patterned the Bashir/Kira characters on Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore, and the O'Brien character on Isaac Asimov. This story was combined with ideas that story editor Robert Hewitt Wolfe had written for a script called "Cold and Distant Stars", a very early draft for the Season Three two-part episode "Past Tense |Past Tense". The story, suggested by Wolfe, featured Sisko as a contemporary homeless man who believes he is a star base captain, but who is diagnosed as schizophrenic and drugged to suppress his visions. At that time, producer Ira Steven Behr had rejected the hallucinatory element in favor of a time-travel story, because it felt too much like a "gimmick". Researcher Allen Kwan wrote that the episode may have originally featured a more positive ending, where instead of showing Benny being institutionalized, it would show him on a set, producing an episode of Deep Space Nine. Supposedly, that ending was not used for fears of breaking the continuity of the franchise.

Design

Much work was put into making their version of New York City as authentic to reality as possible. The production crew included several references to past Star Trek series and episodes - as well as to Deep Space Nine itself. Inside the office, memos from Pabst can be seen. For instance, one is addressed to Rossoff, complaining to him that "no one would believe that a cheerleader could kill vampires", a reference to Shimmerman's work on Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Brooks, who both directed the episode and played Sisko/Russell, went to great lengths to ensure period authenticity, even during post-production. Brooks went to the music spotting session, and had long discussions about things such as what music Russell would dance to, and the style of the scoring. The only other Star Trek director to attend a music spotting session was LeVar Burton, when working on . Inequality was also portrayed through design; the ambulance which carries Benny was portrayed as dirty and outdated because, as Brooks notes, "that's what they would have sent."

Filming and makeup

Brooks was chosen by the production staff because they wanted a director who had experienced racism. The scene where Russell collapses and has a breakdown was perhaps more realistic than most fans had realized. Once the assistant director called cut, Brooks did not stop. Brooks was so into the part that, as Lou Race remarked, even if he had stayed for half an hour, Brooks would have "kept on".
The cast had little trouble separating their characters in this episode from the ones they normally played. Ira Stephen Behr, for instance, had been concerned at how René Auberjonois might react to being the only main character who had to play a "bad guy." However, Auberjonois loved the part, and was delighted to play it. Jeffrey Combs had some trouble at first "finding Weyoun" in Mulkahey, but realized that Mulkahey and Weyoun are both "suppressing authority figures" in Sisko's mind, and played the character from that perspective. Armin Shimmerman agreed, claiming that Rossoff is not an extension of Quark, as Rossoff, a communist, was "about as far from a Ferengi as you can get".
One of the few examples of special effects in the episode was the shot where Russell's drawing of the station falls out of his hand, and lands near the foot of a racist police officer. The drawing was attached to a helium balloon which was connected to some monofilament on a fishing line. Then, it had to be "yanked" towards the foot of the police officer, while making sure it would land in the right direction for the camera. Despite concerns that it could take hundreds of tries, the shot was completed with only two attempts.
Makeup was unusually easy for this episode; since most characters appeared as humans, only minimal makeup was required. Appearing out of costume was an unusual experience for many cast members. Shimmerman said that wearing a mask had been his mechanism for support, it recused him from being nervous about how he looked on camera. Appearing without one, then, was a "very bizarre" experience. Even though J.G Hertzler had never appeared on Deep Space Nine out of makeup, he enjoyed the role. Hertzler has a drawing hobby, so when Ritterhouse was seen drawing in the episode, Hertzler was really drawing the cast.

Reception

The A.V. Club Zach Handlen said that by escaping the "trap" of cloaking its concerns in "pure symbol" that some other Star Trek episodes fall into, the episode ends up creating something unique. Empire ranked "Far Beyond the Stars" 4th out of the 50 top episodes of any show Star Trek as of 2016. They also noted that seeing the cast out of makeup was an "added bonus". A 2015 binge-watching guide for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine by Wired recommended not skipping this "essential" episode, and said that it is probably the best Deep Space Nine episode. In 2019, Den of Geek included this among the top 12 best morality plays of the Star Trek franchise.
The Chicago Tribune praised the episode, and praised the episode for having the racism be on Earth, and not on some "far-flung planet". They also claimed the episode would "shatter whatever remnants of that opposition linger". The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette agreed, and said that fans will consider this the "most remarkable episode in the history of Deep Space Nine." Also stating that once Lofton's character says the "N-word", they knew that they were "not on Vulcan anymore".

Academic

In a paper published by the Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, Allen Kwan argued that while the episode should be "given credit" for portraying racism more directly than any other episode, the ending in which Russell is institutionalized weakens the moral of the story. Parallels, Kwan claimed, can be drawn from Pabst, the racist magazine editor, to the producers of the Star Trek franchise. Kwan maintains that, like Pabst, the franchise as a whole tends to ignore actual diversity, instead opting to portray a future with only a single cultural and racial norm. Jan Johnson-Smith has noted parallels between Sisko being "the dreamer and the dream" and Martin Luther King Jr's "I Have a Dream" speech.
The story line of the episode bears striking resemblance to a real-life experience of the African-American science fiction author Samuel R. Delany, whose novel Nova was rejected by the editor of Analog Magazine, John W. Campbell, Jr. in 1967 because "he didn’t feel his readership would be able to relate to a black main character."