Fatima Meer


Fatima Meer was a South African writer, academic, screenwriter, and prominent anti-apartheid activist.

Early life

Fatima Meer was born in Grey Street, Durban, South Africa, into a middle-class family of nine, where her father Moosa Ismail Meer, a newspaper editor of The Indian Views, instilled in her a consciousness of the racial discrimination that existed in the country. Her mother was Rachel Farrell, the second wife of Moosa Ismail Meer. Her mother was orphaned and of Jewish and Portuguese descent. She converted to Islam and changed her name to Amina. When she was 16 years old on 1944, she helped raise £1 000 for famine relief in Bengal, India.She completed her schooling at the Durban Indian Girls High School. When she was still a student she mobilize students to founded the Student Passive Resistance Committee to gather fund for the Indian community’s Passive Resistance Campaign from 1946 to 1948. These committee led her to meet Yusuf Dadoo, Monty Naicker and Kesaveloo Goonam. She subsequently attended the University of the Witwatersrand for one year where she was a member of a Trotskyism group which was affiliated to Non-European Unity Movement. She went to University of Natal, where she completed a Bachelors Degree and Masters degree in Sociology.

Political activist

Meer and Kesaveloo Goonam became first women to be elected as Executive of the Natal Indian Congress on 1950. She helped to establish the Durban and District Women's League on 4 October 1952 as a group of 70 women. This organisation was an organisation started in order to build alliances between Africans and Indians as a result of the race riots between the two groups in 1949. Bertha Mkhize became the chairperson and she becames the secretary of the league. The league doing works like organize Crèche and distributed milk at Cato Manor. This league also gather fund for victims caused by tornado at Springs where African becames homeless and successfully collected £4000 for the Sea Cow Lake flood victims.
After the National Party gained power in 1948 and started implementing their policy of apartheid. Meer's activism increased and as a result of her activism, Meer was first "banned" in 1952 for 3 years. She was one of the founding members of the Federation of South African Women which was established on 17 April 1954 in the Trades Hall on Rissik Street, in central Johannesburg which spearheaded the historical women's march on the Union Buildings, Pretoria on 9 August 1956. She was one of the leaders of the Women's March in 1956. At the same year, she organize commitee to gather fund for bail and support family from Natal political leaders which was in treason trial.
In the 1960s, she organised night vigils to protest against the mass detention of anti-apartheid activists without trial outside durban prison. Fatima Meer was also becames one of organisator for a week-long vigil at the Gandhi Settlement in Phoenix. The leader of the vigil was Sushila Gandhi. During the 1970s, she started to embrace Black Consciousness Ideology with South African Student Organisation led by Steve Biko.
On 1975, Fatima Meer co-founded the Black Women's Federation with Winnie Mandela. Meer became the first presiden of the organisation. A year later, she was banned again for period of five years. The banned order cames after her attendance on meeting of the Black Studies Programme where she was a key speakers in a speech entitled, "Twenty-Five Years of Apartheid Rule".In June of 1976, after Soweto Uprisings, 11 women from BWF were arrested and detained under Section 6 of the Terrorism Act. They were placed in solitary confinement at Fort Prison on Johannesburg. She narrowly survived an assassination attempt shortly after her release from detention in 1976 when she was shot at her family home in Durban, but not harmed. Her son, Rashid, went into exile in the same year. She was attacked again and blamed the second attack on the Black Consciousness Movement and Inkatha Freedom Party.
During 1980s, Meer founded Co-ordinating Committee of Black Ratepayers Organisations to opposed the injustices which was happened to the black townships caused by Durban municipality. She declined the offering of a seat in parliament in 1994 caused of her preference for non-governmental work.On May 1999, Fatima founded the Concerned Citizens’ Group to persuade Indian people not to vote for white parties one next election.
She was a strong supporter of the Iranian Revolution and boycotted Salman Rushdie's trip to South Africa in 1998 claiming that he was a blasphemer.She was involved in protests against the opression and assault to the Palestinian and the US led invasion of Afghanistan. She founded Jubilee 2000 to campaign abourt he cancellation of the Third World debt.

Charity work

She published her book entitled Portrait of Indian South Africans on 1969 and donated all revenue from the sale of the book to the Gandhi Settlemens for the needs to build Gandhi Museum and Clinic.She helped an operation to rescue 10 000 Indian flood victims at Tin Town which was located on the banks of the Umgeni River. Meer built temporary housing in tent and organized relief food and clothing. Later, she successfully negotiated permanent settlement for them in Phoenix. Meer also founded and became a leader of Natal Education Trust which gather money from the Indian community to build schools in Umlazi, Port Shepstone and Inanda.
She founded Tembalishe Tutorial College at Gandhi’s Phoenix home to taught blacks in secretarial skills on 1979. Crafts Centre also established at the Settlement to taught screen printing, sewing, embroidery and knitting for unemployed, Both the college and the crafts Center were closed in 1982 following after Fatima detainment for breaching her banning order caused of supervising the work outside of Durban boundary.During 1980s, she organised scholarships for ten students to go to United States and assisted the "SAVE OUR HOMES COMMITTEE" which was founded by the Coloured community of Sparks Estate to seek justice for who were threatened by the Durban Municipality whom wanna take their homes.They succeeded gain the compensation for the act.Through the cooperation with Indira Gandhi, she organized scholarship for South African students to study medicine and the political sciences in India.IBR do tutorial programmes to improve the low matric pass rate and Phambili High was founded in 1986 for African students.
On 1992, Fatima Meer founded the Clare Estate Environment Group as a response to the needs of shack dwellers and rural migrants. They have no right in urban areas and need clean water, sanitation and proper settlement. Khanyisa School Project was founded on 1993 as a preparatory school for underprevileged African children before they go to formal school. She was also founded Khanya Women's Skills Training Centre in 1996, which teach 150 Black women in pattern-cutting, sewing, adult literacy and business management.

Personal life

Fatima Meer married her first cousin in 1950, Ismail Meer. This was not uncommon in the Sunni Bhora community where she grew up. Ismail Meer was a prominent lawyer and apartheid activist. He was an active member of the KwaZulu-Natal ANC provincial legislature. In the 1960's he was arrested and charged with treason along with Nelson Mandela and other activists. In 2000, Fatima Meer's son Rashid, died in a car accident. She is survived by her two daughters Shehnaaz, a Land Claims Court judge, and Shamin, a social science consultant.

Academic and writer

Meer becames a lecturer of sociology and a staff of the University of Natal from 1956 to 1988. She becames first non white person to hold that position. She was also a visiting professor at a number of universities in abroad. Meer became a fellow of the London School of Economics, and received three honorary doctorates. First, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy from Swarthmore College and in Humane Letters from Bennet College in the United States. Later, she received Honorary Doctorate in Social Sciences from Natal University in South Africa.
She founded Institute for Black Research which became research and publishing institution and education NGO on 1972

Works

Books

Fatima Meer died at St. Augustine's Hospital in Durban on 12 March 2010, aged 81, from a stroke which she suffered two weeks earlier. The biography about Fatima Meer entitled Voices of Liberation was written by Shireen Hassim published on 2019. Her painting and drawing was exhibited on Constitutional Hill since August 2017.